Biology: Carbohydrates Self Test
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Questions and Answers

What are the elemental compositions of carbohydrates?

  • Carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen
  • Carbon, oxygen and sulfur
  • Carbon, oxygen and nitrogen
  • Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen (correct)

    • Why are carbohydrates a major source of energy for cells?

  • They are complex molecules
  • They are found in all living organisms
  • They are easily broken down to produce ATP (correct)
  • They are abundant in nature

    • What is the main role of carbohydrates in cells?

  • RNA synthesis and translation
  • Cell-cell recognition and DNA synthesis
  • Protein synthesis and cell division
  • Structural support and energy source (correct)

    • What is the term for carbohydrates that contain a single sugar molecule?

    <p>Monosaccharide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are sugar molecules bonded together in carbohydrates?

    <p>Glycosidic linkages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of carbohydrate is maltose?

    <p>Disaccharide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the classification of monosaccharides containing the aldehyde group?

    <p>Aldoses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for carbohydrates that consist of chains of monosaccharide or disaccharide units?

    <p>Polysaccharide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of glucose in human cells?

    <p>To serve as a carbohydrate fuel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between aldoses and ketoses?

    <p>Aldoses are reducing sugars, while ketoses are non-reducing sugars</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the product of the reaction between two glucose molecules?

    <p>Maltose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are disaccharides not able to pass through the cell membrane by diffusion?

    <p>Because they are too large</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between ribose and deoxyribose?

    <p>Ribose is found in RNA, while deoxyribose is found in DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of Benedict's reagent in relation to sugars?

    <p>To distinguish between aldoses and ketoses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reason why galactose cannot play the same part in respiration as glucose?

    <p>Because galactose has a different arrangement of atoms in its molecule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between glucose and fructose?

    <p>Glucose is an aldose, while fructose is a ketose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Carbohydrates

    • Carbohydrates are molecules composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms.
    • They serve as a major source of energy and provide structural support for cells and facilitate cell-cell recognition.

    Classification of Carbohydrates

    • Carbohydrates can be categorized into three types based on the number of sugar units they contain:
      • Monosaccharides: single sugar molecules (e.g., glucose, fructose)
      • Disaccharides: two monosaccharides covalently linked (e.g., maltose)
      • Polysaccharides: polymers consisting of chains of monosaccharides or disaccharides (e.g., starch, cellulose)

    Monosaccharides

    • Monosaccharides can be further classified based on the number of carbon atoms they contain:
      • Triose (3 carbon atoms)
      • Tetrose (4 carbon atoms)
      • Pentose (5 carbon atoms)
      • Hexose (6 carbon atoms)
    • Monosaccharides can also be classified as aldoses (containing an aldehyde group) or ketoses (containing a ketone group)

    Examples of Monosaccharides

    • Glucose: an aldose, the most important carbohydrate fuel in human cells
    • Galactose: an aldose, similar in structure to glucose
    • Fructose: a ketose, differs from glucose and galactose in structure and properties
    • Ribose and deoxyribose: pentoses, components of nucleotides in RNA and DNA, respectively

    Disaccharides

    • Formed when two monosaccharides react
    • Soluble in water, but too large to pass through the cell membrane by diffusion
    • Broken down in the small intestine during digestion to give smaller monosaccharides

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    Test your knowledge on carbohydrates, including their elemental composition, importance as an energy source, and additional roles in cells.

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