Biology Branches and Cell Structure

Branches of Biology

• Botany: study of plants
• Zoology: study of animals
• Microbiology: study of microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, etc.)
• Ecology: study of interactions between organisms and their environment
• Genetics: study of heredity and genes
• Biochemistry: study of chemical processes in living organisms
• Molecular Biology: study of biological processes at the molecular level

Cell Biology

• Cell Structure:
  • Plasma membrane: outermost layer of the cell
  • Cytoplasm: jelly-like substance inside the cell
  • Nucleus: controls cell growth and reproduction
  • Mitochondria: generates energy for the cell
• Cellular Processes:
  • Photosynthesis: conversion of light energy into chemical energy
  • Cellular Respiration: generation of energy from glucose
  • Mitosis: process of cell division

Evolution and Diversity

• Theory of Evolution: process by which species change over time through natural selection
• Species: group of organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring
• Taxonomy: classification of organisms into groups based on shared characteristics
• Phylogeny: study of evolutionary relationships between organisms

Ecosystems and Ecology

• Ecosystem: community of organisms and their environment
• Energy Flow: transfer of energy from one organism to another
• Food Chain: sequence of organisms that eat other organisms
• Food Web: complex network of food chains
• Ecological Niche: specific role of an organism in an ecosystem

Branches of Biology

• Botany is the study of plants
• Zoology is the study of animals
• Microbiology is the study of microorganisms, including bacteria and viruses
• Ecology is the study of interactions between organisms and their environment
• Genetics is the study of heredity and genes
• Biochemistry is the study of chemical processes in living organisms
• Molecular Biology is the study of biological processes at the molecular level

Cell Biology

• Plasma membrane is the outermost layer of the cell
• Cytoplasm is a jelly-like substance inside the cell
• Nucleus controls cell growth and reproduction
• Mitochondria generates energy for the cell
• Photosynthesis is the process of converting light energy into chemical energy
• Cellular Respiration is the process of generating energy from glucose
• Mitosis is the process of cell division

Evolution and Diversity

• The Theory of Evolution is the process by which species change over time through natural selection
• A species is a group of organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring
• Taxonomy is the classification of organisms into groups based on shared characteristics
• Phylogeny is the study of evolutionary relationships between organisms

Ecosystems and Ecology

• An ecosystem is a community of organisms and their environment
• Energy Flow is the transfer of energy from one organism to another
• A Food Chain is a sequence of organisms that eat other organisms
• A Food Web is a complex network of food chains
• An ecological niche is the specific role of an organism in an ecosystem