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Biology Branches and Cell Biology Basics
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Biology Branches and Cell Biology Basics

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Questions and Answers

What is the study of interactions between organisms and their environment?

  • Ecology (correct)
  • Botany
  • Genetics
  • Microbiology
  • What is the function of mitochondria in a cell?

  • Cell growth regulation
  • Protein synthesis
  • Energy generation (correct)
  • Cell membrane formation
  • What type of molecule contains genetic information?

  • Nucleic Acids (correct)
  • Lipids
  • Proteins
  • Carbohydrates
  • Study Notes

    Branches of Biology

    • Botany: study of plants
    • Zoology: study of animals
    • Microbiology: study of microorganisms
    • Ecology: study of interactions between organisms and their environment
    • Genetics: study of heredity and variation
    • Molecular Biology: study of biological molecules and their interactions

    Cell Biology

    • Cell: basic unit of life
    • Cell membrane: semi-permeable membrane that surrounds the cell
    • Cytoplasm: jelly-like substance inside the cell membrane
    • Nucleus: controls cell growth and reproduction
    • Mitochondria: generates energy for the cell
    • Ribosomes: site of protein synthesis

    Evolution

    • Natural Selection: process by which populations adapt to their environment
    • Speciation: formation of new species
    • Fossil Record: chronological record of the history of life on Earth
    • Homologous Structures: similar structures in different species that have a common ancestor

    Ecosystems

    • Producer: organism that makes its own food (e.g. plants)
    • Consumer: organism that obtains energy by consuming other organisms
    • Decomposer: organism that breaks down dead organic matter
    • Food Chain: series of organisms that eat other organisms
    • Food Web: network of food chains

    Biological Molecules

    • Carbohydrates: energy source for cells (e.g. sugars, starches)
    • Proteins: building blocks of cells (e.g. enzymes, hormones)
    • Lipids: energy storage molecules (e.g. fats, oils)
    • Nucleic Acids: contain genetic information (e.g. DNA, RNA)

    Branches of Biology

    • Study of plants is known as Botany
    • Zoology is the study of animals
    • Microbiology is the study of microorganisms
    • Ecology is the study of interactions between organisms and their environment
    • Genetics is the study of heredity and variation
    • Molecular Biology is the study of biological molecules and their interactions

    Cell Biology

    • Cell is the basic unit of life
    • Cell membrane is a semi-permeable membrane that surrounds the cell
    • Cytoplasm is a jelly-like substance inside the cell membrane
    • Nucleus controls cell growth and reproduction
    • Mitochondria generates energy for the cell
    • Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis

    Evolution

    • Natural Selection is the process by which populations adapt to their environment
    • Speciation is the formation of new species
    • Fossil Record is a chronological record of the history of life on Earth
    • Homologous Structures are similar structures in different species that have a common ancestor

    Ecosystems

    • Producers are organisms that make their own food (e.g. plants)
    • Consumers are organisms that obtain energy by consuming other organisms
    • Decomposers are organisms that break down dead organic matter
    • Food Chain is a series of organisms that eat other organisms
    • Food Web is a network of food chains

    Biological Molecules

    • Carbohydrates are an energy source for cells (e.g. sugars, starches)
    • Proteins are building blocks of cells (e.g. enzymes, hormones)
    • Lipids are energy storage molecules (e.g. fats, oils)
    • Nucleic Acids contain genetic information (e.g. DNA, RNA)

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    Description

    Learn about the different branches of biology, including botany, zoology, and microbiology, and discover the basics of cell biology, including the cell structure and its components.

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