Questions and Answers
What is the study of the interactions between organisms and their environment?
Ecology
Which organelle is responsible for generating energy in a cell?
Mitochondria
What is the process by which cells convert energy and nutrients into biomass?
Metabolism
Which biological molecule provides energy for the body?
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What is the study of the evolution of species over time?
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Which system transports oxygen and nutrients to cells?
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What is the process by which cells generate energy from nutrients?
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What is the study of the structure, function, and processes of cells?
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Study Notes
Branches of Biology
- Botany: study of plants
- Zoology: study of animals
- Microbiology: study of microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, etc.)
- Ecology: study of interactions between organisms and their environment
- Biochemistry: study of chemical processes in living organisms
- Molecular Biology: study of biological processes at the molecular level
- Genetics: study of heredity and variation
- Evolutionary Biology: study of the evolution of species over time
Cell Biology
- Cell structure:
- Plasma membrane: outer layer of the cell
- Cytoplasm: jelly-like substance inside the cell
- Nucleus: contains genetic material (DNA)
- Mitochondria: powerhouses of the cell (generate energy)
- Cellular processes:
- Photosynthesis: process by which plants convert sunlight into energy
- Respiration: process by which cells generate energy from nutrients
- Cell division: process by which cells reproduce (mitosis, meiosis)
Organ Systems
- Nervous system: controls and coordinates body functions
- Circulatory system: transports oxygen and nutrients to cells
- Respiratory system: brings oxygen into the body and removes carbon dioxide
- Digestive system: breaks down and absorbs nutrients from food
- Endocrine system: produces and regulates hormones
- Immune system: defends the body against pathogens and disease
Biological Molecules
- Carbohydrates: provide energy for the body (sugars, starches, fibers)
- Proteins: build and repair tissues (enzymes, hormones, structural proteins)
- Lipids: provide energy and structure (fats, oils, cholesterol)
- Nucleic acids: contain genetic information (DNA, RNA)
Biological Processes
- Metabolism: process by which cells convert energy and nutrients into biomass
- Homeostasis: process by which the body maintains a stable internal environment
- Adaptation: process by which organisms adjust to changes in their environment
- Evolution: process by which species change over time through natural selection and genetic drift
Branches of Biology
- Study of plants is known as Botany
- Zoology is the study of animals
- Microbiology is the study of microorganisms like bacteria, viruses, etc.
- Ecology is the study of interactions between organisms and their environment
- Biochemistry is the study of chemical processes in living organisms
- Molecular Biology is the study of biological processes at the molecular level
- Genetics is the study of heredity and variation
- Evolutionary Biology is the study of the evolution of species over time
Cell Biology
Cell Structure
- Plasma membrane is the outer layer of the cell
- Cytoplasm is a jelly-like substance inside the cell
- Nucleus contains genetic material (DNA)
- Mitochondria are the powerhouses of the cell (generate energy)
Cellular Processes
- Photosynthesis is the process by which plants convert sunlight into energy
- Respiration is the process by which cells generate energy from nutrients
- Cell division is the process by which cells reproduce (mitosis, meiosis)
Organ Systems
- Nervous system controls and coordinates body functions
- Circulatory system transports oxygen and nutrients to cells
- Respiratory system brings oxygen into the body and removes carbon dioxide
- Digestive system breaks down and absorbs nutrients from food
- Endocrine system produces and regulates hormones
- Immune system defends the body against pathogens and disease
Biological Molecules
- Carbohydrates provide energy for the body (sugars, starches, fibers)
- Proteins build and repair tissues (enzymes, hormones, structural proteins)
- Lipids provide energy and structure (fats, oils, cholesterol)
- Nucleic acids contain genetic information (DNA, RNA)
Biological Processes
- Metabolism is the process by which cells convert energy and nutrients into biomass
- Homeostasis is the process by which the body maintains a stable internal environment
- Adaptation is the process by which organisms adjust to changes in their environment
- Evolution is the process by which species change over time through natural selection and genetic drift
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Description
Learn about the different branches of biology, including botany, zoology, microbiology, ecology, biochemistry, molecular biology, genetics, and evolutionary biology. Also, explore cell biology and its components.
