Questions and Answers
What is the study of interactions between organisms and their environment?
What is the main function of mitochondria in a cell?
What is the process by which DNA is copied into RNA?
What is the term for the process by which one amino acid is encoded by three nucleotides?
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What is the term for the movement of genes from one population to another?
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What is the term for the study of the structure, function, and evolution of the universe's ecosystems?
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What is the main function of the circulatory system?
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What is the term for the process by which water moves through a plant, from the roots to the leaves, and is then released into the air as water vapor?
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Study Notes
Branches of Biology
- Botany: study of plants
- Zoology: study of animals
- Microbiology: study of microorganisms
- Ecology: study of interactions between organisms and their environment
- Genetics: study of heredity and variation
- Biochemistry: study of chemical processes in living organisms
- Molecular Biology: study of biological molecules and their interactions
- Evolutionary Biology: study of evolution and its processes
Cell Biology
- Cell structure:
- Plasma membrane
- Cytoplasm
- Nucleus
- Mitochondria
- Endoplasmic reticulum
- Ribosomes
- Cell functions:
- Metabolism
- Energy production
- Protein synthesis
- Cell division
- Cell signaling
Molecular Biology
- DNA structure:
- Double helix
- Nucleotides (A, C, G, T)
- RNA structure:
- Single strand
- Nucleotides (A, C, G, U)
- Gene expression:
- Transcription (DNA to RNA)
- Translation (RNA to protein)
- Genetic code:
- 3 nucleotides encode 1 amino acid
- 20 amino acids are used in proteins
Evolution
- Mechanisms of evolution:
- Natural selection
- Genetic drift
- Mutation
- Gene flow
- Types of evolution:
- Microevolution (within a population)
- Macroevolution (between populations)
- Evidence for evolution:
- Fossil record
- Comparative anatomy
- Molecular biology
Ecosystems
- Components of ecosystems:
- Biotic factors (living organisms)
- Abiotic factors (non-living environment)
- Energy flow:
- Producers (plants)
- Consumers (herbivores, carnivores, omnivores)
- Decomposers (bacteria, fungi)
- Nutrient cycles:
- Carbon cycle
- Nitrogen cycle
- Water cycle
Biological Systems
- Nervous system:
- Central nervous system (brain, spinal cord)
- Peripheral nervous system (nerves)
- Circulatory system:
- Heart
- Blood vessels
- Blood
- Immune system:
- White blood cells
- Lymphatic system
- Immune responses
Branches of Biology
- Botany is the study of plants
- Zoology is the study of animals
- Microbiology is the study of microorganisms
- Ecology is the study of interactions between organisms and their environment
- Genetics is the study of heredity and variation
- Biochemistry is the study of chemical processes in living organisms
- Molecular Biology is the study of biological molecules and their interactions
- Evolutionary Biology is the study of evolution and its processes
Cell Biology
- A cell's structure consists of a plasma membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and ribosomes
- Cell functions include metabolism, energy production, protein synthesis, cell division, and cell signaling
Molecular Biology
- DNA has a double helix structure composed of nucleotides A, C, G, and T
- RNA has a single strand structure composed of nucleotides A, C, G, and U
- Gene expression involves transcription (DNA to RNA) and translation (RNA to protein)
- The genetic code uses 3 nucleotides to encode 1 amino acid, with 20 amino acids used in proteins
Evolution
- Mechanisms of evolution include natural selection, genetic drift, mutation, and gene flow
- Evolution can be microevolution (within a population) or macroevolution (between populations)
- Evidence for evolution includes the fossil record, comparative anatomy, and molecular biology
Ecosystems
- Ecosystems consist of biotic factors (living organisms) and abiotic factors (non-living environment)
- Energy flows through producers (plants), consumers (herbivores, carnivores, omnivores), and decomposers (bacteria, fungi)
- Nutrient cycles include the carbon cycle, nitrogen cycle, and water cycle
Biological Systems
- The nervous system includes the central nervous system (brain, spinal cord) and peripheral nervous system (nerves)
- The circulatory system consists of the heart, blood vessels, and blood
- The immune system includes white blood cells, the lymphatic system, and immune responses
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Description
This quiz covers the different branches of biology, including botany, zoology, and microbiology, as well as the basics of cell biology, including cell structure and biological molecules.
