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Questions and Answers
What is the primary outcome of a positive feedback loop?
What is the primary outcome of a positive feedback loop?
What is the relationship between the structure and function of an organ or vessel?
What is the relationship between the structure and function of an organ or vessel?
What is the direction of spontaneous movement of matter and energy in an area with a gradient?
What is the direction of spontaneous movement of matter and energy in an area with a gradient?
What is the term for the passive movement of matter down a gradient?
What is the term for the passive movement of matter down a gradient?
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What is the term for a change that reverses the effect of a stimulus, maintaining balance?
What is the term for a change that reverses the effect of a stimulus, maintaining balance?
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What is the correct sequence of the scientific method?
What is the correct sequence of the scientific method?
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What is the main difference between a fact and a theory in scientific terminology?
What is the main difference between a fact and a theory in scientific terminology?
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What is the correct order of the levels of organization of the human body?
What is the correct order of the levels of organization of the human body?
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What is the definition of homeostasis?
What is the definition of homeostasis?
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What is the importance of having a standard anatomic position?
What is the importance of having a standard anatomic position?
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What is the term for the group of organs that work together to perform a specific function?
What is the term for the group of organs that work together to perform a specific function?
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What is the difference between a positive and a negative feedback loop?
What is the difference between a positive and a negative feedback loop?
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What directional term is used to describe a structure that is closer to the middle of the body?
What directional term is used to describe a structure that is closer to the middle of the body?
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Study Notes
The Scientific Method
- The scientific method involves a series of steps: hypothesis, experiments, data collection and analysis, and conclusion.
Science and the Human Body
- The scientific method is used to make conclusions about the workings of the human body.
Facts and Theories
- A fact is a statement for which no other conclusion is supported.
- A theory is a set of scientific facts describing a larger process.
Levels of Organization of the Human Body
- The levels of organization of the human body, in order, are: • Chemical level: atoms to complex molecules. • Cellular level: molecules forming structures. • Tissue level: groups of similar cells and external materials. • Organ level: two or more structures combined for specialized tasks. • Organ system level: group of organs. • Organism: the entire living being.
Anatomic Position
- The standard anatomic position is standing upright with feet shoulder-width apart, upper limbs at the sides of the trunk, head and palms facing forward.
- This standard position is important to avoid medical and experimental errors.
Directional Terms
- Directional terms used to describe the human body include: • Anterior/posterior • Superior/inferior • Proximal/distal • Medial/lateral • Superficial/deep
Homeostasis
- Homeostasis is the stable internal environment in the body.
- It is an important concept in understanding the human body because homeostatic imbalances can lead to disease or death.
Feedback Loops
- A feedback loop is a control mechanism used to regulate the body when it is imbalanced.
- A negative feedback loop involves a change that opposes the imbalance.
- A positive feedback loop involves a change that reinforces the imbalance.
- The parts of a feedback loop are: • Stimulus • Receptors • Control center/effector/response
Structure/Function Relationship
- The structure of a part of the body is suited to its function (form follows function).
- Examples include blood vessels.
Gradients
- A gradient is a difference in concentration or amount of something between two connected areas.
- In the human body, the direction of spontaneous movement of matter and energy in an area with a gradient is from high to low concentration.
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Description
This quiz explores the fundamentals of biology, including the scientific method, and the levels of organization of the human body, from chemical to organismal.
