Biology Basics Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of life?

  • Regulation and Homeostasis
  • Adaptation to Evolution (correct)
  • Response to Environmental Changes
  • Growth and Development

What is the correct order of biological organization from smallest to largest?

  • Cell, Tissue, Organ, Organism, Population, Atom, Molecule
  • Atom, Molecule, Cell, Tissue, Organ, Organ System, Organism, Population (correct)
  • Tissue, Organ, Cell, Organism, Organ System, Atom, Molecule, Population
  • Molecule, Atom, Cell, Tissue, Organ, Organ System, Organism, Population

Which of the following is a characteristic of prokaryotic cells?

  • Presence of organelles
  • Complexity and large size
  • Simplicity and small size (correct)
  • Presence of a nucleus

What is the term used to describe the sum of all chemical reactions occurring in an organism?

<p>Metabolism (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a biological process that contributes to growth and development?

<p>Mitosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of an organism's weight is composed of elements other than carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen?

<p>4% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the smallest unit of matter that still retains the properties of an element?

<p>Atom (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following elements is considered a trace element?

<p>Iodine (I) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the ion formed when a water molecule breaks a covalent bond?

<p>Hydroxide ion (B), Hydrogen ion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the symbol for the element nitrogen?

<p>N (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an essential element for life?

<p>Gold (Au) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes the role of a buffer solution?

<p>Maintains a relatively stable pH of a solution. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a hydrophilic molecule?

<p>A molecule that dissolves easily in water. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does carbonic acid act as a buffer in the human body?

<p>It accepts excess $H^+$ ions when blood becomes too acidic. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate rate of red blood cell production in the human body?

<p>2 million per second (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of eukaryotic cells?

<p>They lack internal membrane-bound organelles. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

<p>Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus, while prokaryotic cells do not. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of an organelle found in eukaryotic cells?

<p>Golgi apparatus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do muscle cells contain numerous organelles?

<p>To generate ATP for muscle contraction. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately describes the relationship between cell structure and function?

<p>The structure of a cell is adapted to its function. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

<p>Lipid synthesis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cellular organelle is responsible for packaging and transporting molecules synthesized by the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)?

<p>Golgi apparatus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately describes the role of lysosomes in the cell?

<p>Lysosomes are organelles that break down worn-out cellular components and ingested material. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following organelles is not involved in the synthesis or modification of cellular molecules?

<p>Lysosomes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cellular organelle is responsible for the breakdown of fatty acids and detoxification of harmful substances in the cell?

<p>Peroxisomes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following organelles is directly involved in photosynthesis?

<p>Chloroplast (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the nucleolus?

<p>Production of ribosomal RNA (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately describes the relationship between DNA and RNA in protein synthesis?

<p>DNA transfers its genetic code to RNA, which then directs protein production. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in relation to protein synthesis?

<p>It serves as a network for transporting proteins from the ribosomes to other parts of the cell. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key difference between plant and animal cells?

<p>Plant cells have chloroplasts and a cell wall, while animal cells do not. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of bond forms when atoms share electrons?

<p>Covalent bond (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the shape of a molecule affect its biological function?

<p>It affects how the molecule interacts with other substances. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic of water makes it a versatile solvent?

<p>Its polarity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used when a solute dissolves in a solvent to form a solution?

<p>Dissolution (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do chemical properties play in cellular function?

<p>They influence interactions between biomolecules. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cellular structures are directly involved in providing energy for cellular processes?

<p>Mitochondria and Chloroplasts (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a cell were to lose its microtubules and microfilaments, what cellular processes would likely be most affected?

<p>Cell shape, movement, and organelle transport (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the primary role of the cell membrane in maintaining cellular function?

<p>Regulating the passage of substances into and out of the cell (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is DNA replication essential before cell division?

<p>To ensure that each daughter cell receives a complete set of genetic instructions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the relationship between the cytoskeleton, cilia, and flagella?

<p>Cilia and flagella are specialized organelles that use the cytoskeleton for movement (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which subatomic particle has a positive charge?

<p>Proton (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the atomic number of an element represent?

<p>The number of protons in the atom (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is atomic mass derived?

<p>The sum of the masses of protons and neutrons (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about isotopes is true?

<p>Isotopes are forms of an atom with the same number of protons but different neutrons. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one key application of radioactive isotopes in biology?

<p>Used as tracers in metabolism studies (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of interphase in the cell cycle?

<p>DNA duplication and cell growth (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term describes the pairs of chromosomes that have the same genes but may carry different alleles?

<p>Homologous chromosomes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which phase of mitosis do sister chromatids separate and move towards opposite ends of the cell?

<p>Anaphase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many chromosomes do human gametes contain?

<p>23 chromosomes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which phase of the cell cycle does the cell prepare for mitosis by duplicating its chromosomes?

<p>Interphase (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Biology

The science that studies life at molecular to global levels.

Characteristics of Life

Key features that define living organisms, including cells, energy use, responses, homeostasis, growth, reproduction, and evolution.

Levels of Biological Organization

Hierarchy of structural complexity: atom, molecule, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism, population.

Prokaryotic Cell

Simple and small cell type without organelles and nucleus.

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Eukaryotic Cell

Larger, complex cells containing organelles and a nucleus.

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Essential Elements of Life

Four elements that make up 96% of living matter are carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen.

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Trace Elements

Elements required by organisms in minute quantities, like iron and iodine.

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Element Deficiency

Lack of essential elements can lead to diseases in plants and animals.

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Atoms

The smallest unit of matter that retains the properties of an element.

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Subatomic Particles

Components that make up an atom, such as protons, neutrons, and electrons.

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Atomic number

Number of protons in an atom; indicates the element's identity.

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Atomic mass

Sum of the masses of protons and neutrons in an atom, shown as a superscript.

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Isotopes

Variants of an element that have the same number of protons but different neutrons.

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Radioactive isotopes

Isotopes that emit radiation; used in biology as tracers and in medicine.

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Cell Theory

All living things are made of cells, and cells arise from existing cells.

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Cell Structure and Function

The arrangement of organelles in a cell relates to its role, like muscle cells having many organelles.

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Organelles

Specialized structures within eukaryotic cells that perform distinct functions.

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Chemical Bonds

Forces that hold atoms together; includes covalent, ionic, and hydrogen bonds.

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Covalent Bond

A type of bond where atoms share electrons.

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Molecular Shape

The arrangement of atoms in a molecule, affecting its function.

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Water as a Solvent

Water's ability to dissolve many substances due to its polarity.

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Polarity of Water

Uneven distribution of charge in water molecules, leading to positive and negative ends.

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Hydrophilic

A molecule that has an affinity for water (loves water).

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Hydrophobic

A molecule that does not have an affinity for water (fears water).

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Acid

A substance that donates $H^+$ ions in water (e.g., HCl → $H^+$ + $Cl^-$).

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Base

A substance that accepts $H^+$ ions in water (e.g., NaOH → Na⁺ + OH⁻).

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pH Scale

Measures the concentration of $H^+$ ions in a solution, ranging from 0 to 14.

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Plant Cell Organelles

Includes cell wall, chloroplasts, and larger vacuoles.

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Chloroplasts

Organelles in plant cells that contain chlorophyll for photosynthesis.

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Nucleus Functions

Controls cell activities and contains genetic information.

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Protein Synthesis

Process where DNA codes for RNA, which then makes proteins.

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Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

A network aiding in protein production, housing ribosomes.

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Cell Division

The process by which a cell reproduces, including mitosis and meiosis.

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DNA Replication

The process where DNA is copied before cell division.

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Cytoskeleton

Structural network that supports and shapes the cell, allowing movement.

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Mitochondria

Organelles known as the powerhouse of the cell, where ATP is produced.

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Rough ER

Part of the Endoplasmic Reticulum with ribosomes, responsible for protein synthesis and transport.

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Golgi Apparatus

Cell organelle that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids received from the ER.

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Lysosomes

Membrane-bound sacs containing enzymes that digest macromolecules and damaged organelles.

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Karyotype

An orderly arrangement of chromosomes in an organism.

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Diploid Organism

An organism with two sets of chromosomes, one from each parent.

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Haploid

A cell that contains only one set of chromosomes, like gametes.

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Mitotic Phase

The phase of the cell cycle where cell division occurs.

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Phases of Mitosis

The sequence includes Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase.

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