Biology Basics Quiz

Definition and Scope

• Biology is the scientific study of life and living organisms
• Examines the structure, function, growth, evolution, distribution, and taxonomy of all living things
• Encompasses various disciplines, including botany, zoology, microbiology, ecology, and biochemistry

Branches of Biology

• Botany: study of plants and plant-like organisms
• Zoology: study of animals and animal-like organisms
• Microbiology: study of microorganisms, such as bacteria and viruses
• Ecology: study of interactions between organisms and their environment
• Biochemistry: study of chemical processes and substances in living organisms
• Molecular Biology: study of structure, function, and interactions of biomolecules
• Genetics: study of heredity and variation in organisms
• Evolutionary Biology: study of evolution and diversity of life on Earth

Major Concepts

• Cells: basic unit of life, consisting of cell membrane, cytoplasm, and genetic material
• DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid): molecule containing genetic instructions for development and function
• Genetics: study of how traits are inherited and expressed
• Evolution: change in species over time through natural selection, mutation, and genetic drift
• Ecosystems: interactions between living organisms and their environment
• Homeostasis: ability of organisms to maintain internal balance and stability
• Biodiversity: variety of species, ecosystems, and genes on Earth

Biological Molecules

• Carbohydrates: energy-rich molecules, such as sugars and starches
• Proteins: biomolecules with structural, functional, and regulatory roles
• Lipids: energy-rich molecules, such as fats and oils
• Nucleic Acids: DNA and RNA, containing genetic information
• ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate): energy currency of cells

Biological Processes

• Metabolism: conversion of energy and nutrients into cellular components
• Photosynthesis: process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy
• Respiration: process by which cells generate energy from nutrients
• Cell Division: process of cell growth, reproduction, and repair
• DNA Replication: process of duplicating genetic material
• Gene Expression: process of translating genetic code into proteins

Definition and Scope of Biology

• Biology is the scientific study of life and living organisms, examining their structure, function, growth, evolution, distribution, and taxonomy.
• It encompasses various disciplines, including botany, zoology, microbiology, ecology, and biochemistry.

Branches of Biology

• Botany studies plants and plant-like organisms.
• Zoology studies animals and animal-like organisms.
• Microbiology studies microorganisms, such as bacteria and viruses.
• Ecology studies interactions between organisms and their environment.
• Biochemistry studies chemical processes and substances in living organisms.
• Molecular Biology studies the structure, function, and interactions of biomolecules.
• Genetics studies heredity and variation in organisms.
• Evolutionary Biology studies evolution and diversity of life on Earth.

Key Concepts in Biology

• Cells are the basic unit of life, consisting of cell membrane, cytoplasm, and genetic material.
• DNA is a molecule containing genetic instructions for development and function.
• Genetics is the study of how traits are inherited and expressed.
• Evolution is the change in species over time through natural selection, mutation, and genetic drift.
• Ecosystems involve interactions between living organisms and their environment.
• Homeostasis is the ability of organisms to maintain internal balance and stability.
• Biodiversity refers to the variety of species, ecosystems, and genes on Earth.

Biological Molecules

• Carbohydrates are energy-rich molecules, such as sugars and starches.
• Proteins are biomolecules with structural, functional, and regulatory roles.
• Lipids are energy-rich molecules, such as fats and oils.
• Nucleic Acids, including DNA and RNA, contain genetic information.
• ATP is the energy currency of cells.

Biological Processes

• Metabolism is the conversion of energy and nutrients into cellular components.
• Photosynthesis is the process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy.
• Respiration is the process by which cells generate energy from nutrients.
• Cell Division is the process of cell growth, reproduction, and repair.
• DNA Replication is the process of duplicating genetic material.
• Gene Expression is the process of translating genetic code into proteins.