Biology Basics Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the smallest unit of living things?

  • Cell (correct)
  • Molecule
  • Atom
  • Tissue

Which of the following correctly describes a producer?

  • Organisms that consume other living things
  • Autotrophs that create their own food (correct)
  • Organisms that break down dead material
  • Heterotrophs that rely on others for energy

Which level of organization consists of a group of similar cells performing a specific function?

  • Organ
  • Organ System
  • Organism
  • Tissue (correct)

What structure surrounds a cell and separates it from its environment?

<p>Plasma membrane (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes all living organisms that interact and live in a common location?

<p>Community (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of producers in an ecosystem?

<p>Generate energy through photosynthesis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a step in the scientific method?

<p>Data collection (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which level of taxonomy is directly below 'Kingdom'?

<p>Phylum (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic of life refers to changes that occur during an organism's life cycle?

<p>Development (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cellular component is responsible for separating the cell from its environment?

<p>Plasma membrane (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct sequence of the Central Dogma?

<p>DNA $ o$ RNA $ o$ Protein (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic of life involves maintaining a stable internal environment?

<p>Homeostasis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of DNA in a cell?

<p>To store information needed to make proteins (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which process do similar cells differentiate into cells with specific functions?

<p>Cell Differentiation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct first step in the scientific method?

<p>Observation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of mitochondria in a cell?

<p>Produce energy for the cell (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which scientist is credited with coining the term 'cell' after observing cork?

<p>Robert Hooke (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a defining characteristic of prokaryotic cells?

<p>They lack membrane-bound organelles (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is a part of the cell theory?

<p>All living things consist of one or more cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does the nucleus play in a cell?

<p>Controls the cell functions and contains DNA (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly identifies the type of transport that requires energy to move substances against their concentration gradient?

<p>Active transport (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are triglycerides primarily used in the body?

<p>As storage molecules for energy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main distinction between saturated and unsaturated fats?

<p>Saturated fats contain more hydrogen atoms than unsaturated fats (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the process of endocytosis, how does a cell take in materials?

<p>By creating vesicles to enclose materials (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of protein channels during facilitated diffusion?

<p>They allow specific substances to cross the membrane more easily (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of triglycerides?

<p>Long-term energy storage and insulation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of lipid is solid at room temperature?

<p>Saturated fat (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of transport requires energy to move particles?

<p>Active transport (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes facilitated diffusion from simple diffusion?

<p>Facilitated diffusion requires protein channels for movement. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of the hydrophilic head in phospholipids?

<p>Interaction with water (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about saturated fats is true?

<p>They are solid at room temperature. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct order of the protein structure levels?

<p>Primary, Secondary, Tertiary, Quaternary (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What describes facilitated diffusion?

<p>Uses protein channels for transporting particles. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What process involves cells taking in materials?

<p>Endocytosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is present in all cells?

<p>Plasma membrane (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes eukaryotic cells from prokaryotic cells?

<p>Presence of a nucleus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is credited with coining the term 'cell'?

<p>Robert Hooke (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a component of the cell theory?

<p>All cells arise from inorganic materials. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do organelles serve within a cell?

<p>They carry out specific tasks necessary for cell functions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of bacteria can live in extreme environments?

<p>Archaebacteria (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of organisms are classified as autotrophs?

<p>Plants (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures is found in all cells?

<p>Plasma membrane (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary method of reproduction in prokaryotes?

<p>Asexual reproduction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a eukaryotic organism?

<p>Amoeba (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of cell structure do eukaryotic cells possess that prokaryotic cells do not?

<p>Nucleus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of energy source do most fungi use?

<p>Heterotroph (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is a cell?

The smallest unit of living things, capable of carrying out life functions.

What is a tissue?

A group of similar cells working together to perform a specific function.

What is an organism?

An individual living thing made of one or more cells.

What is biology?

The study of life and living organisms.

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What is decomposition?

The process of breaking down dead organisms and waste into simpler substances, recycling nutrients back into the ecosystem.

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Reproduction

Ability to produce offspring and maintain a population.

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Decomposition

The process of breaking down dead organisms and waste into simpler substances, recycling nutrients back into the ecosystem.

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Homeostasis

A process that helps living things maintain a stable internal environment, even when the external environment changes.

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Ecology

The study of how living organisms interact with their environment.

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Species

A group of living organisms that can reproduce and produce fertile offspring.

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What is DNA?

The universal genetic code that contains all the information needed to build an organism.

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What is asexual reproduction?

The process by which a single cell divides into two identical daughter cells.

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What is the Central Dogma?

The flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to proteins.

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What is cell differentiation?

The process by which cells develop specialized functions.

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What is homeostasis?

The ability of living organisms to maintain a stable internal environment, even when external conditions change.

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Prokaryotes

Single-celled organisms lacking a nucleus. They are found everywhere and reproduce asexually.

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Eukaryotes

Organisms made of one or more cells with a nucleus and other membrane-bound compartments (organelles). These cells carry out specialized functions.

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Heterotrophs

Organisms that obtain their food from other organisms. They consume for energy and nutrients.

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Autotrophs

Organisms that can produce their own food from sunlight or other energy sources.

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Fungi

A group of organisms that are mostly multicellular, heterotrophic, and often decompose dead organisms.

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Plants

A group of organisms that are mostly multicellular, autotrophic, and make their own energy from sunlight.

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Animals

A group of organisms that are multicellular, heterotrophic, and obtain energy by consuming other organisms.

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Plasma Membrane

A membrane that surrounds all cells and controls what enters and exits.

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Cell Wall

A rigid outer layer that provides support and protection to plant cells.

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Nucleus

The control center of a cell, containing DNA, which directs all cell functions.

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Cytoplasm

A gel-like fluid that fills the cell, containing organelles and providing a medium for chemical reactions.

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Mitochondria

Small organelles within a cell that produce energy (ATP) through cellular respiration.

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Prokaryotic Cell

A type of cell that lacks a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles, such as bacteria.

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Cell Theory

All organisms are composed of one or more cells. Cells are the fundamental unit of life in all organisms. All cells originate from pre-existing cells.

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Shared Features of Cells

Present in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells: plasma membrane, DNA, cytoplasm, ribosomes.

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Organelles

Specialized structures within eukaryotic cells that perform specific functions. Examples include the nucleus, mitochondria, and chloroplasts.

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Simple Diffusion

A type of passive transport where molecules move across a cell membrane from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration, without the use of energy or protein channels.

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Facilitated Diffusion

A type of passive transport where molecules move across a cell membrane from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration, with the help of protein channels.

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Osmosis

The movement of water molecules across a semipermeable membrane from a region of high water concentration to a region of low water concentration.

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Phagocytosis

A type of active transport where cells engulf large particles or entire cells by forming vesicles.

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Pinocytosis

A type of active transport where cells take in fluids by forming small vesicles.

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Phospholipid

A type of lipid responsible for forming cell membranes, with a hydrophilic head (glycerol with phosphate) and hydrophobic tail (fatty acids).

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Triglyceride

A type of lipid composed of one glycerol molecule attached to three fatty acids, serving as long-term energy storage and insulation.

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Passive Transport

The movement of molecules from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration, without requiring energy.

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Active Transport

The movement of molecules across a membrane against their concentration gradient, requiring energy.

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Phospholipid Bilayer Structure

The phospholipid bilayer forms the cell membrane, with hydrophilic heads facing outward and hydrophobic tails facing inward. This structure regulates what enters and exits the cell.

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Triglycerides: Function and Composition

Triglycerides are used for long-term energy storage and insulation in the body. They are composed of a glycerol molecule linked to three fatty acids.

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Amino Acids and Protein Structure

Proteins are essential for various cellular functions. Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins, linked together in a specific sequence to form a polypeptide chain.

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Active vs. Passive Transport

Active transport requires energy for movement of substances across the cell membrane against the concentration gradient. Passive transport involves movement down the gradient, and does not require energy.

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Endocytosis and Exocytosis

Endocytosis refers to the processes by which cells engulf substances from the external environment, while exocytosis involves releasing substances to the exterior.

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