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Questions and Answers
What is the process by which cells divide by splitting in half?
Binary fission
What is the main component of a cell that surrounds and protects the cell's contents?
Plasma membrane
What is the central dogma of molecular biology?
DNA makes RNA makes proteins
What did Gregor Mendel study to establish the principles of dominant and recessive genes?
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What are the two main types of factors that make up an ecosystem?
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What keeps ecosystems healthy by creating niches for organisms to fit into?
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Study Notes
Cell Structure and Function
Cells are the building blocks of life, and studying their structures allows us to understand their roles within organisms. The main components of cells include the plasma membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus containing genetic material, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, lysosomes, vacuoles, ribosomes, and chloroplasts. Cells can divide using binary fission—splitting in half—when they grow large enough.
Genetics
Genetics explores how genes determine what physical traits an organism has. The central dogma of molecular biology states that DNA makes RNA makes proteins, which define many aspects of our bodies. Humans share similarities in their DNA, yet variations lead to unique traits. For example, Gregor Mendel studied peas and found dominant and recessive genes; parents pass either on, leading to certain traits in children.
Ecology
Ecology focuses on interactions between organisms and their environments. Ecosystems are made up of abiotic factors (non-living elements) and biotic factors (organisms). Populations change due to environmental pressures, creating niches for organisms to fit into. This dynamic relationship keeps ecosystems healthy.
Human Anatomy
Understanding human anatomy means looking at the structure of organs within our bodies. Systems include skeletal (bones), muscular (movement), nervous (communication), respiratory (breathing), cardiovascular (blood circulation), digestive (food intake), urinary (waste removal), and reproductive systems (procreation). Each system plays its own vital role in maintaining our health and survival.
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Description
Test your knowledge on fundamental concepts in biology such as cell structure, genetics, ecology, and human anatomy. Learn about the main components of cells, the role of genes in determining physical traits, interactions between organisms and their environments, and the different systems within the human body.
