Biology Basics

Nutrition

• The process by which living organisms obtain energy and nutrients from food
• Involves ingestion, digestion, absorption, assimilation, and egestion

Respiration

• The process by which living organisms generate energy from the food they consume
• Involves the breakdown of glucose to produce ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
• Three stages: cellular respiration, anaerobic respiration, and aerobic respiration

Transportation

• The process by which living organisms move substances from one place to another
• Involves the circulatory system, which includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood
• Responsible for delivering oxygen and nutrients to cells and removing waste products

Excretion

• The process by which living organisms remove waste and excess substances from the body
• Involves the excretory system, which includes the kidneys, liver, and skin
• Responsible for maintaining homeostasis and regulating the body's pH levels

Regulation and Control

• The process by which living organisms maintain homeostasis and respond to changes in their environment
• Involves the nervous system, which includes the brain, spinal cord, and sensory receptors
• Responsible for controlling body functions, such as temperature, hunger, and thirst

Growth and Development

• The process by which living organisms increase in size and complexity
• Involves cell division, differentiation, and growth
• Regulated by hormones and genetics

Reproduction

• The process by which living organisms produce offspring
• Involves the transmission of genetic information from one generation to the next
• Essential for the survival of species and the continuation of life

Nutrition

• Living organisms obtain energy and nutrients from food through ingestion, digestion, absorption, assimilation, and egestion
• Ingestion involves taking in food, while digestion breaks down food into smaller molecules
• Absorption involves the uptake of nutrients into the bloodstream, followed by assimilation, where the body uses these nutrients for energy and growth
• Egestion involves the removal of waste products from the body

Respiration

• Cellular respiration generates energy from food by breaking down glucose to produce ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
• Anaerobic respiration occurs in the absence of oxygen, producing lactic acid and releasing energy
• Aerobic respiration occurs in the presence of oxygen, producing carbon dioxide and water, and releasing more energy

Transportation

• The circulatory system, consisting of the heart, blood vessels, and blood, transports oxygen and nutrients to cells and removes waste products
• The heart pumps blood throughout the body, while blood vessels provide a pathway for blood flow
• Blood carries oxygen and nutrients to cells and carbon dioxide and waste products away from cells

Excretion

• The excretory system, consisting of the kidneys, liver, and skin, removes waste and excess substances from the body
• The kidneys filter waste and excess substances from the blood, while the liver detoxifies and breaks down toxins
• The skin excretes waste products through sweat and helps regulate body temperature

Regulation and Control

• The nervous system, consisting of the brain, spinal cord, and sensory receptors, maintains homeostasis and responds to changes in the environment
• The brain integrates and processes sensory information, while the spinal cord transmits signals between the brain and the rest of the body
• Sensory receptors detect changes in the environment and transmit signals to the brain for response

Growth and Development

• Cell division, differentiation, and growth contribute to the overall growth and development of living organisms
• Hormones, such as growth hormone, regulate growth and development, while genetics influence the development of specific traits
• Growth and development are influenced by both internal and external factors

Reproduction

• Sexual reproduction involves the transmission of genetic information from one generation to the next
• Asexual reproduction involves the production of offspring without the transmission of genetic information
• Reproduction is essential for the survival of species and the continuation of life