Biology: Apicomplexa and Ciliophora Quiz

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the apical complex in Apicomplexa?

Penetration of the host (correct)

Nutrient absorption

Locomotion

Support during reproduction

Which of the following is NOT part of the life cycle of Plasmodium sp.?

Sporogony

Binary fission (correct)

Gametogony

Schizogony

What type of nutrition do Apicomplexa utilize?

Heterotrophic absorption

Saprozoic nutrition (correct)

Autotrophic synthesis

Photosynthesis

Which type of nucleus in Ciliophora is responsible for reproduction?

Micronucleus Signup and view all the answers

How do ciliates primarily reproduce asexually?

Binary fission Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of merozoites in Apicomplexa life cycles?

Feeding stage Signup and view all the answers

Which statement reflects the role of blood-sucking arthropods in the life cycle of Plasmodium sp.?

They transmit Plasmodium during their blood meal. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of cilia in Ciliophora?

Locomotion and feeding Signup and view all the answers

What method of reproduction does Paramecium utilize for asexual reproduction?

Binary fission Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following characteristics is NOT true about sponges?

They have a digestive system. Signup and view all the answers

What is the inner cavity of a sponge called?

Spongocoel Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cells in the sponge's mesenchyme is primarily responsible for digestion and circulation of food?

Archaeocytes Signup and view all the answers

What process does Paramecium use for sexual reproduction?

Conjugation Signup and view all the answers

How do sponges primarily respire and excrete waste products?

By diffusion Signup and view all the answers

Which components can be found in the middle gelatinous layer of sponges?

Spicules and spongin fibers Signup and view all the answers

Sponges are considered to belong to which phylum?

Porifera Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic feature of the body of Cnidarians?

Radial symmetry Signup and view all the answers

Which class of Cnidaria is known for having true jellyfish?

Class Scyphozoa Signup and view all the answers

What type of reproduction involves external budding in Cnidarians?

Asexual reproduction Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of interstitial cells?

Repair injured parts and produce gametes Signup and view all the answers

Which subclass of Class Anthozoa includes soft corals?

Alcyonaria Signup and view all the answers

Which layer provides support and rigidity to the body?

Mesoglea Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the cnidocytes in Cnidarians?

Defense and food capture Signup and view all the answers

What type of digestion occurs in the gastrovascular cavity?

Both extracellular and intracellular digestion Signup and view all the answers

How many classes is the Phylum Cnidaria divided into?

Four classes Signup and view all the answers

What type of environment do the majority of Cnidarians inhabit?

Aquatic, mostly marine Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of glandular cells in the gastrodermis?

Secrete digestive enzymes Signup and view all the answers

Which type of reproduction leads to the formation of a uniformly ciliated planula larva?

Sexual reproduction Signup and view all the answers

What structure communicates the gastro-vascular cavity to the exterior in Cnidarians?

Mouth Signup and view all the answers

Which cells are specialized for capturing food and defense?

Cnidocytes Signup and view all the answers

How do individuals of this organism reproduce asexually?

By budding and regeneration Signup and view all the answers

What type of system is the nervous system considered in these organisms?

Nerve net Signup and view all the answers

What are the structural components of the sponge skeleton used for taxonomic identification?

Spicules and spongin fibers Signup and view all the answers

Which type of sponge has a body that is tube or vase-shaped with a direct connection from inhalant pores to the spongocoel?

Ascon Signup and view all the answers

In a Sycon sponge, which structures form the communication between inhalant canals and flagellated chambers?

Prosopyles Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary feature of Leucon-type sponges?

Their body wall is very thick and highly folded. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of sponge based on water circulation structure?

Nemacyst Signup and view all the answers

Which type of skeleton spicule structure is characterized as having four rays not in the same plane?

Tetraxon Signup and view all the answers

What defines the distribution of spicules in the sponge skeleton?

Number of axes and rays, size of the spicules Signup and view all the answers

What type of canal found in Sycon sponges opens to the outside by ostia?

Inhalant canals Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Invertebrate Zoology (Z 101) - Lecture Three

Phylum: Apicomplexa (Class: Sporozoa)
- Protozoan parasites (endoparasites) in higher animals.
- Possess an apical complex (polar ring, micronemes, rhoptries, subpellicular microtubules, micropore(s), and conoid) for penetrating hosts.
- Respiration and excretion via simple diffusion.
- Nutrition by absorbing food directly from the host (saprozoic nutrition).
- Life cycle involves asexual (schizogony/merogony, sporo-gony) and sexual (gametogony/gamogony) stages.
- Example: Plasmodium sp. (causes diseases like malaria)
  - Intracellular blood parasites of birds and mammals
  - Transmitted by blood-sucking arthropods (intermediate hosts).
Life Cycle of Plasmodium sp
- Includes schizogony in liver cells (exo-erythrocytic cycle, Primary/Secondary tissue phase or re-infection) and schizogony in RBCs (erythrocytic cycle).
- Sexual phase occurs in mosquitos (gamogony in mosquitos).
- Sporogony in mosquitos (asexual cycle in haemolymph of mosquitoes)

Phylum Ciliophora; Ex. Paramecium caudatum

Protozoans characterized by hair-like cilia for locomotion and feeding.
Two types of nuclei:
- Small diploid micronucleus (for reproduction only)
- Large polyploid macronucleus (for all vegetative functions except reproduction)
Asexual reproduction via transverse binary fission.
Sexual reproduction via conjugation.

Phylum Porifera (Sponges)

Stationary, rooted organisms initially considered plants, then identified as animals.
General characteristics:
- Radially symmetrical.
- Pores (ostia) for water flow.
- Spongocoel (internal cavity) lined with choanocytes (collared flagellated cells).
- Holozoic (no mouth, digestion intracellular).
- Respiration and excretion by simple diffusion.
  - 15000 different species
  - Primarily found in relatively shallow water.
    - Some inhabit freshwater
Body wall structure:
- Outer layer (pinacocytes)
- Middle layer (mesenchyme containing skeletal components; spicules or spongin fibers)
- Inner layer (choanocytes)
- Pores (ostioles) connect to internal cavity (spongocoel) allowing for water flow
  - Spicules (calcareous or siliceous) and spongin fibers compose the skeleton.
  - Archaeocytes (receive & digest, produce reproductive cells)
Types:
- Ascon, sycon, leucon (different canal systems for water circulation).

Phylum Cnidaria (Coelenterata)

General characteristics:
- Solitary or colonial.
- Aquatic (mostly marine, some freshwater)
- Radially symmetrical.
- Carnivorous.
- Gastrovascular cavity (coelenteron or enteron) communicating with the exterior by a mouth.
- Tentacles around the mouth for ingestion, defence, & food capture.
- Cnidocytes (stinging cells) for defence and food capture.
Structure:
- Outer layer (epidermis) with epithelial-muscular cells, mucous-secreting cells, interstitial cells, sensory cells, and nerve cells.
- Middle layer (mesoglea) a non-cellular jelly-like layer.
- Inner layer (gastrodermis) with nutritive-muscular cells, glandular cells, and mucous-secreting cells.
Reproduction: Asexual (budding & regeneration), Sexual (gametes to form planula larva).
Types: Hydrozoa, Scyphozoa, Cubozoa, Anthozoa.
Locomotion: Looping/walking, somersaulting, climbing, inverted movement, floating, gliding.
Additional Points:
- Digestion is extracellular in the gastrovascular cavity and then intracellular inside endodermal cells.
- No respiratory, circulatory, or excretory systems.
- Sense organs (ocelli, statocysts).
- Nervous system (nerve nets).
Life Cycle: Obelia- exhibit metagenesis (alternation of generations). Asexual polyp stage alternates with a sexually reproducing medusa stage causing polymorphism to some extent.
- Reproduction via asexual budding to polyps and sexual reproduction by gametes to form a planula larva.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Description

Test your knowledge on the biological concepts related to Apicomplexa and Ciliophora. This quiz covers various aspects including life cycles, nutritional types, and reproductive methods. Challenge yourself with questions about sponges as well!