25 Questions
What is the characteristic structure found in Apicomplexa that serves as the organ of attachment to host cells?
Apical complex
What is the function of the apical complex in Apicomplexa?
Organ of attachment to host cells
What phylum is characterized by the presence of an apical complex?
Apicomplexa
What is the significance of the apical complex in the life cycle of Apicomplexa?
It allows them to attach to and invade host cells
What is the primary function of cilia in certain organisms?
locomotion
What is the term used to describe the study of the structure and form of Apicomplexa?
Morphology
What is the outermost layer of the body wall of certain organisms?
cell membrane or plasmalemma
What is the medical importance of ciliates?
They are of medical importance
What is the primary characteristic of ciliates that aids in their movement?
presence of cilia
What is the term for the outermost layer of the cell that covers the body wall of certain organisms?
plasmalemma
What is the purpose of testing the pH of the stool in relation to determining the etiologic agent?
To determine the etiologic agent
What is a characteristic of the cyst that makes it resistant to the environment?
It is slightly resistant to the environment, similar to the endospore of bacteria
How does the cyst respond to high temperatures?
It is highly resistant to high temperatures
What is the pH level indicative of a protozoan origin?
Acidic
What is the significance of the cyst's resistance to low temperatures?
It is highly resistant to low temperatures
What is the type of stool represented by the 'Cyst (Carrier)' in the given diagram?
Solid stool
What is the sensitivity of the DFS test for detecting Entamoeba histolytica?
95%
What is the effect of ethyl acetate on the cyst in the detection process?
It does not melt the cyst, only the trophozoite.
What is the alternative diagnostic method that can still be performed if the DFS test yields a false negative result?
F11/P12 PCR
What type of result may occur if the trophozoite is not detected by the DFS test?
False negative result
What is the approximate percentage of people affected by E.histolytica in different populations?
10-20%
Where is E.histolytica more commonly found?
Rural areas
What is the significance of E.histolytica in terms of its impact on human health?
E.histolytica is a significant public health concern, particularly in rural areas where it is more prevalent.
What can be inferred about the living conditions of areas where E.histolytica is more commonly found?
They likely have poor sanitation and hygiene.
What is the importance of understanding the distribution of E.histolytica?
It is important for developing effective public health strategies to prevent and control the spread of the parasite.
Study Notes
Apicomplexa Morphology
- Apical complex is a structure that serves as the organ of attachment to host cells
- Cilia are present for locomotion
Body Wall Structure
- Body wall is covered by cell membrane or plasmalemma
Cysts
- Cysts are slightly resistant to environmental factors, similar to bacterial endospores
- Cysts are highly resistant to high temperatures, as well as low temperatures
- Cysts are present in solid stool (carrier state)
Diagnosis
- Stool pH testing can determine the etiologic agent
- Methods for diagnosis include:
- DFS (unknown definition)
- FECT (unknown definition)
- Sensitivity: 95%
- Ethyl acetate (does not melt cysts, only trophozoites, and may result in false negative results for trophozoites)
- F11/P12 PCR (may still be performed)
Epidemiology of E.histolytica
- Prevalence: 10-20% in different populations
- Distribution: High prevalence in rural areas
Learn about the morphology of Apicomplexa, including their structure and function, particularly the apical complex.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
