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Which type of disorder is indicated by a ruddy complexion and bluish skin in an officer returning from duty?
Which type of disorder is indicated by a ruddy complexion and bluish skin in an officer returning from duty?
What is the main artery type involved when blood vessels are swollen and there is an acute infection?
What is the main artery type involved when blood vessels are swollen and there is an acute infection?
Which amino acid is responsible for the reversible binding of iron in haeme?
Which amino acid is responsible for the reversible binding of iron in haeme?
Which structure is found in the para cortex of the lymph node?
Which structure is found in the para cortex of the lymph node?
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What type of intermediate filaments are involved in the process of phagocytosis?
What type of intermediate filaments are involved in the process of phagocytosis?
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Which of the following statements is characteristic of all lymph organs?
Which of the following statements is characteristic of all lymph organs?
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What is the likely diagnosis if there is incomplete paralysis on one side of the body?
What is the likely diagnosis if there is incomplete paralysis on one side of the body?
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What type of junction connects heart cells?
What type of junction connects heart cells?
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How is polyspermy prevented during fertilization?
How is polyspermy prevented during fertilization?
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What is the correct pairing of the levels of Alpha Feto protein and associated conditions?
What is the correct pairing of the levels of Alpha Feto protein and associated conditions?
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What type of muscle is the sternocleidomastoid classified as?
What type of muscle is the sternocleidomastoid classified as?
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What is the pair number of coccygeal spinal nerves in humans?
What is the pair number of coccygeal spinal nerves in humans?
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Which of the following is classified as a nutritional deficiency anemia?
Which of the following is classified as a nutritional deficiency anemia?
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Based on the blood types provided, which child cannot be produced from a father with blood type AB+ and a mother with blood type AO+?
Based on the blood types provided, which child cannot be produced from a father with blood type AB+ and a mother with blood type AO+?
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What is the mechanism for large protein transport into cells?
What is the mechanism for large protein transport into cells?
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Which ion is coordinated by porphyrin to form heme?
Which ion is coordinated by porphyrin to form heme?
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What initiates the completion of Meiosis 1 in a primary oocyte?
What initiates the completion of Meiosis 1 in a primary oocyte?
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Which lymphatic structure primarily involutes with age, being replaced by adipose tissue?
Which lymphatic structure primarily involutes with age, being replaced by adipose tissue?
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Which type of lymphocyte is primarily found in the paracortex of lymph nodules?
Which type of lymphocyte is primarily found in the paracortex of lymph nodules?
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In smokers, what causes the increase in RBC count due to induction of erythropoiesis?
In smokers, what causes the increase in RBC count due to induction of erythropoiesis?
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What is the primary organ responsible for hem regulation?
What is the primary organ responsible for hem regulation?
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What form of iron is primarily absorbed at the brush border of intestinal cells?
What form of iron is primarily absorbed at the brush border of intestinal cells?
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Which condition is most likely to result in metabolic acidosis?
Which condition is most likely to result in metabolic acidosis?
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What is the typical percentage of total daily iron intake that is absorbed by the body?
What is the typical percentage of total daily iron intake that is absorbed by the body?
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Which process indicates the formation of mesoderm through the ingression of epiblast cells?
Which process indicates the formation of mesoderm through the ingression of epiblast cells?
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A newborn with jaundice and symptoms of sluggish reflexes likely suffers from which condition?
A newborn with jaundice and symptoms of sluggish reflexes likely suffers from which condition?
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In which organ does the degradation of hem primarily occur?
In which organ does the degradation of hem primarily occur?
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Which molecule contains the highest percentage of functional iron?
Which molecule contains the highest percentage of functional iron?
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Which coagulation factor is commonly linked with bleeding gums in individuals with a familial history of the disease?
Which coagulation factor is commonly linked with bleeding gums in individuals with a familial history of the disease?
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Which factor is absent in the alternative and lectin pathways of complement activation?
Which factor is absent in the alternative and lectin pathways of complement activation?
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What amino acid is essential for oxygen binding to hemoglobin?
What amino acid is essential for oxygen binding to hemoglobin?
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What technique is used to detect ploidy or microdeletions?
What technique is used to detect ploidy or microdeletions?
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What condition is characterized by pain, swelling, and redness?
What condition is characterized by pain, swelling, and redness?
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Which component is not found in the ground substance?
Which component is not found in the ground substance?
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Which movement is specifically limited to the forearm and hand?
Which movement is specifically limited to the forearm and hand?
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What type of vaccination is administered to prevent Hepatitis B?
What type of vaccination is administered to prevent Hepatitis B?
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What epithelial change occurs in the stomach lining due to cigarette smoke?
What epithelial change occurs in the stomach lining due to cigarette smoke?
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What is the doctor’s advice for a COVID-positive patient asking to maintain isolation classified as?
What is the doctor’s advice for a COVID-positive patient asking to maintain isolation classified as?
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Which of the following fibers is most likely to be densely packed without specific orientation?
Which of the following fibers is most likely to be densely packed without specific orientation?
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The binding of carbon monoxide affects hemoglobin by:
The binding of carbon monoxide affects hemoglobin by:
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Study Notes
Inflammation
- Pain, swelling and redness are characteristics of acute inflammation.
Tissue Components
- Ground substance does not contain collagen.
- Ground substance contains Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), Fibronectin, Hyaluron and Proteoglycan.
Cells of Immune System
- Granulocytes and agranulocytes share common features of cell function and physiological function.
Connective Tissue
- Densely packed collagen fibers without any specific orientation and scattered fibroblasts are present in dermis.
Sodium Channels
- Sodium channels contain positively charged amino acids.
Movements of Forearm and Hand
- Pronation and supination are the movements limited to the forearm and hand.
Vaccination
- Vaccination against Hepatitis B to prevent it is a type of primary vaccination.
Psychology
- Displacement is a defense mechanism where an individual redirects their negative feelings from the original source to a less threatening target.
Intermediate Filaments
- There are 50 types of intermediate filaments found so far.
Epithelial Lining Changes
- When a cigarette smoker smokes, the epithelial lining of the stomach changes from pseudostratified columnar epithelium to stratified squamous epithelium.
Carbon Monoxide and Hemoglobin
- Carbon monoxide (CO) binding to hemoglobin (Hb) reduces its binding capacity with oxygen.
Complement System
- C1 protein is not involved in two pathways other than the classical pathway.
Medical Ethics
- A doctor advising a COVID-positive person to stay in isolation and be away from others is an example of beneficence.
Blood Flow
- Collateral circulation is the alternative route of blood flow when one vessel is damaged.
Fertilization
- Polyspermy is prevented by the binding of cortical granules with ZP2 protein.
Alpha-Fetoprotein Levels
- High levels of alpha-fetoprotein are found in open neural tube defects.
Sternocleidomastoid Muscle
- The sternocleidomastoid muscle is not an example of a cruciate, spiral, or radial muscle. It is a muscle on each side of the neck.
Spinal Nerves
- There is one pair of coccygeal spinal nerves.
Anemia
- Iron deficiency anemia is a type of nutritional deficiency anemia.
Blood Groups
- A child of a father with blood group AB+ and a mother with blood group AO+ cannot have blood group OO.
Protein Transport
- Large proteins are transported by endocytosis.
Factors Affecting K+ Levels
- Factors 2, 7, 9, and 10 are activated by K+.
Iron Sources
- Hemoglobin is the most abundant source of iron.
Heme Synthesis
- Iron is coordinated by porphyria to convert it into heme.
Erythropoietin Production
- Erythropoietin is produced by the peritubular capillaries.
Gout
- In gout, administered colchicine binds to tubulin.
Gap Junctions
- Gap junctions are present in the heart.
Pneumatic Bones
- Maxilla is an example of a pneumatic bone.
Muscle Action
- During flexion at the elbow, biceps brachii is the agonist, and deltoid is a fixator.
Surgical Incision
- A surgical incision made parallel to cleavage lines heals faster.
Turner Syndrome
- Turner syndrome is characterized by the genotype XO.
Placental Abnormalities
- Placenta previa is a condition where the placenta is located at the lower part of the uterus.
Sacrococcygeal Teratoma
- Sacrococcygeal teratoma is due to the primitive streak.
Uterine Involution
- After parturition (childbirth), involution of the uterus is done by macrophages.
Types of Feedback
- A patient with diabetes requires adaptive control.
Lymph Nodes
- The paracortex of lymph nodes contains T lymphocytes.
Sodium Channel Opening
- The opening of Na+ channels is lined by voltage-gated mesh.
Glucagon Production
- High levels of glucagon are observed due to increased gluconeogenesis in the liver.
Primary Villi
- The core of primary villi is composed of intraembryonic mesoderm.
Ploidy and Microdeletions
- Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) is a technique that uses probes to detect ploidy or microdeletions.
Hemoglobin Regulation
- Hemoglobin regulation occurs in the liver.
Iron Absorption
- Fe++ is the form of iron absorbed in the brush border.
Hemoglobin Degradation
- Hemoglobin degradation occurs in macrophages.
Hemoglobin Levels
- Hemoglobin levels in males are 14 to 16 g/dL.
Complement System Activation
- Polysaccharides on the surfaces of infecting agents can activate the complement system in the absence of antibody by the alternative pathway.
Vaccination Types
- Vaccination against polio in a newborn is a type of primary prevention.
Mesoderm Formation
- Mesoderm is formed by the ingression of epiblast cells through the primitive node.
Hemophilia
- Hemophilia is caused by a deficiency in clotting factor 8.
Complement Pathway Factors
- C1 is absent in the alternative and lectin pathways.
Gene Mutations
- A mutation in a gene that produces an abnormality in a single dose despite the presence of the normal allele is a dominant mutation.
Amniotic Cavity Location
- The amniotic cavity is located within the inner cell mass.
Polycythemia
- A person who has a ruddy complexion, bluish skin, and returns home from a glacier after duty has secondary polycythemia.
Hemoglobin and Iron Binding
- The amino acid histidine is responsible for the reversible binding of iron to hemoglobin.
Splenic Red Pulp
- The red pulp of the spleen contains splenic cords.
Movement Types
- Rotation is a movement around its own axis and does not involve angulation.
Paralysis
- If there is incomplete paralysis on one side of the body, the doctor diagnoses this paralysis as unilateral.
Blood Flow Pathway
- Collateral circulation provides an alternative pathway for blood flow if blood vessels are swollen due to an acute infection.
Intermediate Filaments and Phagocytosis
- Vimentin filaments are involved in phagocytosis.
Paracortex Composition
- T lymphocytes are found in the paracortex.
Cell Junctions
- Gap junctions are present in the heart.
Red Blood Cell Destruction
- Transfusion reactions initiate the destruction of red blood cells due to a mismatch.
Phagocytosis Mechanism
- White blood cells (WBCs) phagocytose bacteria through pseudopodial processes.
Porphyria and Enzyme Deficiency
- The deficiency of the enzyme uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase causes porphyria that presents with photosensitivity and rashes.
Kidney Failure
- A patient with one kidney failure has unilateral kidney failure.
Lymph Organ Characteristics
- All lymph organs contain afferent vessels and lymphatic nodules.
Bilirubin Metabolism
- Bilirubin is synthesized in the spleen and then transported to the liver by binding with albumin protein.
Dense Irregular Connective Tissue
- Dense irregular connective tissue is present in the dermis.
Functional Iron
- Hemoglobin contains the highest percentage of functional iron.
Oxygen Binding to Hemoglobin
- Oxygen binds to hemoglobin through the amino acid histidine.
Cytosolic Protein Biomarker
- Lactate dehydrogenase is a biomarker for cytosolic proteins.
Third Week of Development
- Neurulation is the primary event of the third week of development.
Iron Absorption Percentage
- About 10-12% of the total daily iron intake is absorbed.
Erythropoiesis Induction in Smokers
- Hypoxia-inducible factor induces erythropoiesis in smokers, leading to an increase in RBC count.
Oocyte Meiosis Completion
- Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) initiates the completion of meiosis I in a primary oocyte.
Lymphatic Structure Involution
- The thymus largely involutes in old age and is replaced by adipose tissue.
Metabolic Acidosis Causes
- Chronic diarrhea is most likely to lead to metabolic acidosis.
Newborn Jaundice with Sluggish Reflexes
- The newborn baby is likely suffering from kernicterus, also known as bilirubin encephalopathy.
Allergic Response
- The allergic response is most likely due to antigen-antibody complexes forming in the blood vessels of the skin.
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Description
Test your knowledge on key topics in biology and health, including inflammation, immune system cells, connective tissue characteristics, and more. This quiz covers essential physiological concepts and their relevance to human health.
