Biology and Chemistry Overview

Definition: Study of living organisms, their structure, function, growth, evolution, and interactions.
Branches:
- Botany: Study of plants.
- Zoology: Study of animals.
- Microbiology: Study of microorganisms.
- Ecology: Study of interactions between organisms and their environment.
Key Concepts:
- Cell Theory: All living things are composed of cells.
- Genetics: Study of heredity and variation.
- Evolution: Change in the characteristics of species over generations (natural selection).
- Homeostasis: Maintenance of stable internal conditions.

Definition: Study of matter, its properties, composition, and changes during chemical reactions.
Branches:
- Organic Chemistry: Study of carbon-containing compounds.
- Inorganic Chemistry: Study of inorganic substances.
- Physical Chemistry: Study of the physical properties and behaviors of molecules.
- Analytical Chemistry: Techniques for determining the composition of substances.
Key Concepts:
- Atoms and Molecules: Basic units of matter; atoms combine to form molecules.
- Periodic Table: Arrangement of elements based on atomic number and properties.
- Chemical Bonds: Forces holding atoms together (ionic, covalent, metallic).
- Reactions: Processes where substances transform into new substances; includes exothermic and endothermic reactions.

Definition: Study of matter, energy, and the fundamental forces of nature.
Branches:
- Classical Mechanics: Motion of objects and forces.
- Thermodynamics: Study of heat and temperature.
- Electromagnetism: Study of electric and magnetic fields.
- Quantum Mechanics: Behavior of particles at atomic and subatomic levels.
Key Concepts:
- Newton's Laws of Motion: Fundamental principles describing the relationship between motion and force.
- Energy: The ability to do work; forms include kinetic, potential, thermal, and chemical.
- Conservation Laws: Principle that certain properties (like energy and momentum) remain constant in isolated systems.
- Relativity: Einstein's theory explaining the relationship between space, time, and gravity.

The study of living organisms, encompassing their structure, function, growth, evolution, and interactions.
Botany focuses on plants, Zoology on animals, Microbiology on microorganisms, and Ecology on the intricate relationships between organisms and their environments.
Cell Theory is a cornerstone of biology, stating that all living things are composed of cells.
Genetics delves into the mechanisms of heredity and variation, explaining how traits are passed down across generations.
Evolution is a central concept in biology, highlighting the change in species characteristics over time due to natural selection.
Homeostasis is crucial for life, referring to the maintenance of stable internal conditions within an organism.

Study of matter, its properties, composition, and the changes it undergoes during chemical reactions.
Organic Chemistry focuses on carbon-containing compounds, while Inorganic Chemistry explores non-carbon-based substances.
Physical Chemistry delves into the physical properties and behaviors of molecules, while Analytical Chemistry focuses on techniques for determining substance composition.
Atoms and Molecules are the fundamental building blocks of matter. Atoms combine to form molecules.
The Periodic Table organizes elements based on their atomic number and properties, providing insights into their behavior.
Chemical Bonds are forces that hold atoms together; ionic, covalent, and metallic bonds are key types.
Chemical Reactions involve the transformation of substances into new ones. Exothermic reactions release heat, while endothermic reactions absorb heat.

The study of matter, energy, and the fundamental forces of nature.
Classical Mechanics explains the motion of objects and forces, while Thermodynamics deals with heat and temperature.
Electromagnetism focuses on electric and magnetic fields, while Quantum Mechanics explores the behavior of particles at atomic and subatomic levels.
Newton's Laws of Motion are foundational principles describing the relationship between motion and force.
Energy, the ability to do work, manifests in various forms such as kinetic, potential, thermal, and chemical.
Conservation Laws assert that certain properties, including energy and momentum, remain constant in isolated systems.
Relativity, Einstein's theory, elucidates the relationship between space, time, and gravity.