Biology and Chemistry of Life

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Questions and Answers

What is one of the main aspects of cell theory?

Cells are made only by living organisms.

Cells carry on the functions of all living things.

Cells are the basic units that make up all living things. (correct)

Cells are specialised for particular tasks.

Which of the following organisms is classified as unicellular?

Plants

Bacteria (correct)

Birds

Fungi

What is the primary role of the cristae in mitochondria?

Produce proteins.

Synthesize hormones.

Increase surface area. (correct)

Produce membranes.

In which area would you expect to find RNA?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What process is primarily used by autotrophs to obtain food?

Photosynthesis Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of chlorophyll during photosynthesis?

Absorb light. Signup and view all the answers

In what process is glucose synthesized?

Calvin cycle Signup and view all the answers

What type of RNA does not have codons or anticodons?

Ribosomal RNA Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true about the use of the scientific method?

It can be applied in various fields of study. Signup and view all the answers

What are the main parts of any cell?

Cell membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of cellulose in the human diet?

Offers bulk (roughage) aiding in digestion. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement correctly describes diffusion and osmosis?

Both diffusion and osmosis involve movement along concentration gradients. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is correct regarding cellular respiration?

Can be performed anaerobically by most cells when necessary. Signup and view all the answers

What is the proper definition of a solvent in a solution?

The liquid that dissolves a solute. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes red blood cells and their environment?

They operate in an isotonic solution. Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'modeling' refer to in a scientific context?

Describing scientific processes theoretically. Signup and view all the answers

What type of metabolism is represented by the digestion of food?

Catabolic metabolism Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is a characteristic of all living things?

They are made up of organic compounds. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is part of the cell theory?

Cells come from preexisting cells. Signup and view all the answers

What allows scientists to view cells at a microscopic level?

Microscopy Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for chemical reactions that release heat?

Exothermic reactions Signup and view all the answers

What is the name given to the collapse of a cell's cytoplasm?

Plasmolysis Signup and view all the answers

What process is eating compared to when discussing phagocytosis?

Pinocytosis Signup and view all the answers

How many nanometers are there in one millimeter?

1 million Signup and view all the answers

Which process involves the formation of messenger RNA from DNA?

Transcription Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of tRNA in the process of translation?

Bringing amino acids to ribosomes Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the process referred to as catabolism?

Releasing energy by breaking down complex molecules Signup and view all the answers

Which of these statements identifies an example of autophagy?

A cell removing damaged organelles Signup and view all the answers

Which scientist is known for disproving spontaneous generation through experiments?

Pasteur Signup and view all the answers

What type of information is considered true because it is revealed in the Word of God?

Faith-based belief Signup and view all the answers

Which process in photosynthesis occurs in the Calvin cycle?

Carbon fixation Signup and view all the answers

What type of RNA is responsible for bringing amino acids to the ribosomes?

tRNA Signup and view all the answers

What term describes the validity of results from an experiment or survey to similar situations?

Workability Signup and view all the answers

Which scientist is known as the Father of Microscopy?

Anton van Leeuwenhoek Signup and view all the answers

What process forms a disaccharide from two sugars?

Dehydration synthesis Signup and view all the answers

In which situation will protein molecules be found in the water of the beaker during osmosis?

No, no matter how long osmosis continues. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of microscope has the highest magnification capability?

Transmission electron microscope Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of chemical reactions that release heat?

Exothermic reactions Signup and view all the answers

What does diffusion cease upon reaching?

Equilibrium Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary study area of biology?

Life Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Biology - The Study of Life

Biology is the study of life.
The word biology comes from two words that mean "the study of life."
Microscopes are essential tools for studying life, allowing us to see tiny structures.
The Father of Microscopy is Anton van Leeuwenhoek.
The bending of light as it passes through an object is called refraction.
Transmission electron microscopes (TEMs) offer the highest magnification.

Chemistry of Life

Fluorine is not a stable substance and wants to bond with another substance.
Chemical reactions that give off heat are called exothermic reactions.
Diffusion of molecules ceases when equilibrium is reached.
Protein molecules are generally too large to pass through cell membranes.
A disaccharide is formed when two sugars combine through dehydration synthesis.
Lipids contain the most potential energy per spoonful.

Cells - The Building Blocks of Life

The cell theory states that cells are the basic units of all living things, cells come from preexisting cells, and cells carry on the functions of all living things.
Bacteria are unicellular organisms, while birds are multicellular organisms.
Cristae of the mitochondria increase surface area.
RNA is found in ribosomes, the nucleolus, and rough endoplasmic reticulum.

Photosynthesis - The Process of Making Food

Most autotrophs get their food through photosynthesis.
Chlorophyll's most important function is to absorb light.
The light-dependent phase of photosynthesis splits water molecules.
Glucose is synthesized in the Calvin cycle.
Chemosynthetic and photosynthetic organisms are both autotrophic.

Cellular Respiration - The Process of Releasing Energy

Cellular respiration refers to the breaking down of food to release energy.
Water is involved in both photosynthesis and the electron transport chain.
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) has neither codons nor anticodons.
Each messenger RNA (mRNA) codon codes for an amino acid.
The manufacture of proteins by the cell is an example of anabolism.

The Nature of Science

Science is a method of determining how to wisely use the world God gave us dominion over.
Characteristics of all living things include being made up of organic compounds, composed of cells, requiring food, and maintaining a high level of organisation.
The cell theory states that:
- Cells are the basic units of all living things.
- Cells come from preexisting cells.
- Cells carry on the functions of all living things.
Chemical reactions that release heat are called exothermic reactions.
The study of cells is called cytology.
The point at which an organism functions best is called its optimal point.
The collapse of a cell's cytoplasm is called plasmolysis.
Eating is to phagocytosis as drinking is to pinocytosis.

Key Scientists and Their Discoveries

Leeuwenhoek is known as the Father of Microscopy.
Spallanzani demonstrated that the active principle of an infusion is not destroyed by boiling.
Pasteur conducted the swan-necked flask experiment, refuting spontaneous generation of flies.
Schleiden proposed that all plants are made of cells.
Virchow proposed that all cells come from preexisting cells.

Important Terms

Exons are RNA pieces that are put together to form mRNA.
The Calvin cycle takes place in the chloroplast.
Autophagy is a remodelling process of the cell.
The light-dependent phase of photosynthesis requires sunlight and water.
Transcription is the process of forming messenger RNA (mRNA) from DNA.
Catabolism is a process that breaks down molecules and releases energy.
Autophagy is the process of a cell digesting parts of itself that are no longer useful.
tRNA brings amino acids from the cytoplasm to the ribosomes.
DNA replication is the process of copying a DNA molecule.
Translation is the process of making a protein from mRNA.

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Description

Explore the fundamentals of Biology and Chemistry in this quiz that covers key concepts such as the structure of cells, the role of microscopes, and the chemical reactions essential to life. You'll delve into topics like exothermic reactions, diffusion, and the formation of disaccharides. Test your knowledge of the building blocks that sustain life!