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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of the cell membrane?
What is the primary function of the cell membrane?
- To act as a storage site for nutrients
- To control the movement of substances in and out of the cell (correct)
- To generate heat for cellular processes
- To facilitate energy production
Which process allows molecules to spread from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration?
Which process allows molecules to spread from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration?
- Osmosis
- Diffusion (correct)
- Endocytosis
- Active transport
Why is homeostasis crucial for cells?
Why is homeostasis crucial for cells?
- It allows cells to move freely without any restrictions.
- It decreases the amount of energy required for cellular processes.
- It maintains the balance of chemicals necessary for proper cell function. (correct)
- It accelerates the rate of diffusion across the cell membrane.
Where in the body are most food molecules absorbed?
Where in the body are most food molecules absorbed?
What is the term used to describe the state when molecules are evenly spread throughout a space?
What is the term used to describe the state when molecules are evenly spread throughout a space?
What occurs during osmosis?
What occurs during osmosis?
What is the characteristic of a hypertonic solution?
What is the characteristic of a hypertonic solution?
What is required for active transport to occur?
What is required for active transport to occur?
Which process allows the reabsorption of water in the large intestine?
Which process allows the reabsorption of water in the large intestine?
What happens when dynamic equilibrium is reached?
What happens when dynamic equilibrium is reached?
Flashcards
Diffusion
Diffusion
The movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
Cell Membrane
Cell Membrane
A thin layer that surrounds a cell and controls what enters and exits.
Passive Transport
Passive Transport
The movement of molecules across a membrane without using energy, following the concentration gradient.
Concentration Gradient
Concentration Gradient
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Small Intestine Absorption
Small Intestine Absorption
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Osmosis
Osmosis
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Hypertonic Solution
Hypertonic Solution
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Hypotonic Solution
Hypotonic Solution
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Study Notes
Course Information
- Course: Science and Health, Biology 8
- Theme: 5C's (Competence, Character, Commitment to Achieve, Collaboration, Creativity) through Academic Rigor, Growth Mindset, and Grit
Unit 2: Life Processes of Living Things
- Topic: Cellular Transport
- Key Concepts: Osmosis, Diffusion, Passive Transport
Cellular Transport
- Focus Questions: How do cells move nutrients, products, and wastes in and out of the cell? Why is this traffic across the membrane so important?
Homeostasis
- Importance: Living cells need chemical movement (oxygen, carbon dioxide, dissolved food) into and out of cells.
- Processes: Diffusion, osmosis, and active transport are essential.
- Water Balance: The body's water and salt balance is maintained by homeostasis.
- Cell Fluid: Cells are full of watery fluid, which helps solids move within and outside the cell.
Cell Membrane
- Function: Controls what enters and exits the cell.
- Structure: Semi-permeable, only allowing certain solutes (solids) to cross.
- Factors Affecting Movement: Size and type of the solute (solid) affect movement across the membrane.
Types of Transport
- Passive Transport: Diffusion and osmosis; no energy required.
- Diffusion: Movement of molecules from high to low concentration; eventually reaches equilibrium.
- Osmosis: Diffusion of water across a membrane; water moves towards higher solute concentration.
- Active Transport: Requires energy (ATP) to move molecules against their concentration gradient (from low to high concentration).
Diffusion and Digestion
- Nutrient Absorption: Large molecules need digestion to become smaller forms that can be absorbed.
- Small Intestine: Main site of nutrient absorption where molecules diffuse across the intestinal wall into the bloodstream.
- Fats, Vitamins & Glucose: Can diffuse into the bloodstream.
- Other Molecules: Active transport to move against the gradient.
Osmosis and Digestion
- Maintaining Water Balance: Animal cells need homeostasis (equal water concentration inside and outside).
- Large intestine: Absorbs water through osmosis to form solid waste.
- Vitamins Production: Good bacteria produce vitamins (e.g., vitamin K) absorbed by osmosis.
Review of Osmosis
- Solution Composition: Solutions are made of solutes (dissolved in liquid or gas).
- Hypertonic: High solute concentration; water moves out.
- Hypotonic: Low solute concentration; water moves in.
- Isotonic: Equal solute concentration; water moves in and out equally.
Passive Transport
- Summary: Diffusion and osmosis are examples; require no energy input.
- Movement: From high concentration to low concentration.
Active Transport
- Definition: Movement of molecules against a concentration gradient, requiring energy (ATP).
- Importance in Digestion: Absorbs nutrients like glucose and amino acids.
Review of Types of Transport
- Summary Table: Differentiates passive and active transport (high/low concentration, energy).
Glossary
- Key Terms: Defined, including active transport, concentration gradient, diffusion, osmosis, partially-permeable membrane, villi.
Next Topic: Biomolecules
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