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Biology 134: Urinary System and Kidney Functions

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Biology 134: Urinary System and Kidney Functions

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the renal corpuscle in the nephron?

To regulate blood pressure through renin production

To filter waste and excess substances from the blood (correct)

To store urine temporarily

To produce erythropoietin for erythropoiesis

What is the main role of the nephron in the kidney?

To store urine in the urinary bladder

To produce hormones for blood pressure control

To regulate vitamin D activation

To function as factories for urine production and blood filtration (correct)

Which of the following blood vessels is responsible for supplying oxygenated blood to the nephron?

Afferent arteriole (correct)

Peritubular capillaries

Vasa recta

Efferent arteriole

What is the approximate number of nephrons in each kidney?

1-4 million Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the kidneys in blood filtration?

To filter waste and excess substances from the blood Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures is NOT part of the nephron?

Urinary bladder Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the renal corpuscle in the nephron?

Blood filtration Signup and view all the answers

What is the structure that surrounds the glomerular capillaries and has pedicels that grasp them like fingers around a broom handle?

Podocytes Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the chamber between the visceral and parietal layers of Bowman's capsule?

Bowman's space Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the part of the nephron where the afferent and efferent arterioles enter and exit, respectively?

Vascular pole Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the renal tubules in the nephron?

Reabsorption of essential nutrients Signup and view all the answers

What is the structure that collects the urine and passes it to the ureters to be expelled later through the urethra?

Collecting duct Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the mesangial cells in the glomerulus?

To provide structural support and synthesize ECM Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the small spaces between the podocyte processes?

Filtration slits Signup and view all the answers

What is the shape of the lumen in the proximal convoluted tubule?

Star-shaped Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between the proximal convoluted tubule and the distal convoluted tubule?

Length and number of tubules Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the podocyte processes in the glomerulus?

To form a barrier for filtration of blood Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of the extraglomerular mesangial cells?

Outside the glomerulus, near the vascular pole Signup and view all the answers