Questions and Answers
A triglyceride is composed of one molecule of glycerol and 3 _________.
fatty acids
According to the rules of complementary base pairing, a DNA nucleotide containing guanine would pair with a DNA nucleotide containing?
cytosine
Carbohydrates are made up of smaller subunits called?
monosaccharides
Carbohydrates normally function in humans as?
Signup and view all the answers
_____ is broken down and the energy released is used to make ATP.
Signup and view all the answers
Lactose and sucrose would be classified as?
Signup and view all the answers
Many proteins act as enzymes. Without enzymes, the chemical reactions in the human body would?
Signup and view all the answers
_____ are made of a sugar, a nitrogenous base, and a phosphate group.
Signup and view all the answers
_____ is made of one strand of nucleotides either folded or straight.
Signup and view all the answers
The function of a protein is the result of the?
Signup and view all the answers
The molecule made of ribose, adenine, and 3 phosphate groups is?
Signup and view all the answers
The IMMEDIATE source of energy used by cells to do work is provided by breaking down (hydrolyzing)?
Signup and view all the answers
The monomers/subunits of proteins are?
Signup and view all the answers
The more scientific name for fats and oils is?
Signup and view all the answers
The nitrogenous bases in DNA include all of the same as RNA except?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following are lipids?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following insulates the body and stores excess energy?
Signup and view all the answers
Both DNA and RNA are biomolecules classified as?
Signup and view all the answers
When synthesizing a strand of DNA, the phosphate of one nucleotide binds with?
Signup and view all the answers
Select the appropriate complementary strand for the nucleotide sequence: A_T_T_G_C_G.
Signup and view all the answers
A segment of DNA that codes for a protein is called a?
Signup and view all the answers
All of the following are differences between DNA and RNA EXCEPT Adenine base to uracil base.
Signup and view all the answers
____ is most similar to ATP containing adenine as its nitrogenous base.
Signup and view all the answers
The building blocks of the macromolecules which store our genetic information are called?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following best describes the structure of a thymine nucleotide?
Signup and view all the answers
Two complementary strands of DNA are bound together by?
Signup and view all the answers
In a DNA molecule, if 15% of its bases are cytosines then another 15% must be?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is INCORRECT regarding polysaccharides? Plants store glucose in the form of glycogen.
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is an example of a monosaccharide?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is INCORRECT regarding carbohydrates? Their functional groups make them nonpolar molecules.
Signup and view all the answers
Carbohydrates normally function in humans as?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is NOT a monosaccharide? Lactose.
Signup and view all the answers
A molecule with the chemical formula C6H12O6 could be?
Signup and view all the answers
A monosaccharide found in nucleic acids is?
Signup and view all the answers
The most biologically important 6-carbon sugar is?
Signup and view all the answers
Galactose could be used to form?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following does NOT apply to the reaction involving carbohydrates shown above? This is an example of a hydrolysis reaction.
Signup and view all the answers
All of the following are considered functions of lipids EXCEPT?
Signup and view all the answers
All of the following are considered lipids EXCEPT glycerol.
Signup and view all the answers
Fatty acids are primarily made up of?
Signup and view all the answers
Triglycerides are commonly known as...?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Triglycerides and Fatty Acids
- Triglycerides consist of one glycerol molecule and three fatty acids.
- Triglycerides are also commonly referred to as fats and oils.
- Used for insulation and energy storage in the body.
Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids
- DNA and RNA are types of nucleic acids composed of nucleotides, which are made of a sugar, a nitrogenous base, and a phosphate group.
- In DNA, adenine pairs with thymine, while guanine pairs with cytosine.
- The complementary strand for a DNA sequence A_T_T_G_C_G would be T_A_A_C_G_C.
- RNA is single-stranded and can contain different nitrogenous bases compared to DNA, where uracil replaces thymine.
Carbohydrates and Their Functions
- Carbohydrates are made up of monosaccharides, which serve as their basic building blocks.
- They are primarily a source of energy for humans.
- Common disaccharides include lactose and sucrose, while examples of monosaccharides include glucose and galactose.
- Plants store glucose as starch, not glycogen.
Proteins and Enzymes
- Proteins are composed of amino acids, serving various functions including enzymatic activity.
- Enzymes are vital as they speed up chemical reactions, which would otherwise be too slow to sustain life.
ATP and Cellular Energy
- ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is a molecule made of ribose, adenine, and three phosphate groups, functioning as the immediate source of energy for cellular processes.
- Energy is released from ATP when it is hydrolyzed.
Lipids and Their Roles
- Lipids include triglycerides, steroids, and phospholipids, characterized by being mostly nonpolar.
- Functions of lipids extend beyond energy storage to include hormone production and cell membrane structure.
- Glycerol is not considered a lipid.
Molecular Structures and Properties
- The structure of a nucleotide can be defined by its nitrogenous base, sugar, and phosphate. For example, a thymine nucleotide comprises thymine, deoxyribose, and a phosphate group.
- Polysaccharides are long chains of monosaccharides but differ from simple sugars in their complexities.
- Hydrolysis reactions involve breaking down polysaccharides to release simpler sugars.
Observing DNA Composition
- In DNA, if a molecule contains 15% cytosine, it must also have 15% guanine, illustrating Chargaff's rules of base pairing.
- The more biologically significant six-carbon sugar is glucose, while ribose is essential in nucleic acids.
Key Misconceptions
- It is incorrect to classify lactose as a monosaccharide; it is a disaccharide.
- Not all carbohydrates are nonpolar; their functional groups contribute to their polarity.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Test your knowledge of essential biological concepts with these flashcards from Biology 1308 Unit 3. This quiz covers triglycerides, DNA nucleotide pairing, and the structure of carbohydrates. Perfect for reinforcing your understanding of key terms and definitions in biology.
