Podcast
Questions and Answers
A triglyceride is composed of one molecule of glycerol and 3 _________.
A triglyceride is composed of one molecule of glycerol and 3 _________.
fatty acids
According to the rules of complementary base pairing, a DNA nucleotide containing guanine would pair with a DNA nucleotide containing?
According to the rules of complementary base pairing, a DNA nucleotide containing guanine would pair with a DNA nucleotide containing?
cytosine
Carbohydrates are made up of smaller subunits called?
Carbohydrates are made up of smaller subunits called?
monosaccharides
Carbohydrates normally function in humans as?
Carbohydrates normally function in humans as?
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_____ is broken down and the energy released is used to make ATP.
_____ is broken down and the energy released is used to make ATP.
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Lactose and sucrose would be classified as?
Lactose and sucrose would be classified as?
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Many proteins act as enzymes. Without enzymes, the chemical reactions in the human body would?
Many proteins act as enzymes. Without enzymes, the chemical reactions in the human body would?
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_____ are made of a sugar, a nitrogenous base, and a phosphate group.
_____ are made of a sugar, a nitrogenous base, and a phosphate group.
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_____ is made of one strand of nucleotides either folded or straight.
_____ is made of one strand of nucleotides either folded or straight.
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The function of a protein is the result of the?
The function of a protein is the result of the?
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The molecule made of ribose, adenine, and 3 phosphate groups is?
The molecule made of ribose, adenine, and 3 phosphate groups is?
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The IMMEDIATE source of energy used by cells to do work is provided by breaking down (hydrolyzing)?
The IMMEDIATE source of energy used by cells to do work is provided by breaking down (hydrolyzing)?
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The monomers/subunits of proteins are?
The monomers/subunits of proteins are?
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The more scientific name for fats and oils is?
The more scientific name for fats and oils is?
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The nitrogenous bases in DNA include all of the same as RNA except?
The nitrogenous bases in DNA include all of the same as RNA except?
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Which of the following are lipids?
Which of the following are lipids?
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Which of the following insulates the body and stores excess energy?
Which of the following insulates the body and stores excess energy?
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Both DNA and RNA are biomolecules classified as?
Both DNA and RNA are biomolecules classified as?
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When synthesizing a strand of DNA, the phosphate of one nucleotide binds with?
When synthesizing a strand of DNA, the phosphate of one nucleotide binds with?
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Select the appropriate complementary strand for the nucleotide sequence: A_T_T_G_C_G.
Select the appropriate complementary strand for the nucleotide sequence: A_T_T_G_C_G.
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A segment of DNA that codes for a protein is called a?
A segment of DNA that codes for a protein is called a?
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All of the following are differences between DNA and RNA EXCEPT Adenine base to uracil base.
All of the following are differences between DNA and RNA EXCEPT Adenine base to uracil base.
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____ is most similar to ATP containing adenine as its nitrogenous base.
____ is most similar to ATP containing adenine as its nitrogenous base.
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The building blocks of the macromolecules which store our genetic information are called?
The building blocks of the macromolecules which store our genetic information are called?
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Which of the following best describes the structure of a thymine nucleotide?
Which of the following best describes the structure of a thymine nucleotide?
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Two complementary strands of DNA are bound together by?
Two complementary strands of DNA are bound together by?
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In a DNA molecule, if 15% of its bases are cytosines then another 15% must be?
In a DNA molecule, if 15% of its bases are cytosines then another 15% must be?
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Which of the following is INCORRECT regarding polysaccharides? Plants store glucose in the form of glycogen.
Which of the following is INCORRECT regarding polysaccharides? Plants store glucose in the form of glycogen.
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Which of the following is an example of a monosaccharide?
Which of the following is an example of a monosaccharide?
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Which of the following is INCORRECT regarding carbohydrates? Their functional groups make them nonpolar molecules.
Which of the following is INCORRECT regarding carbohydrates? Their functional groups make them nonpolar molecules.
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Carbohydrates normally function in humans as?
Carbohydrates normally function in humans as?
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Which of the following is NOT a monosaccharide? Lactose.
Which of the following is NOT a monosaccharide? Lactose.
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A molecule with the chemical formula C6H12O6 could be?
A molecule with the chemical formula C6H12O6 could be?
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A monosaccharide found in nucleic acids is?
A monosaccharide found in nucleic acids is?
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The most biologically important 6-carbon sugar is?
The most biologically important 6-carbon sugar is?
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Galactose could be used to form?
Galactose could be used to form?
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Which of the following does NOT apply to the reaction involving carbohydrates shown above? This is an example of a hydrolysis reaction.
Which of the following does NOT apply to the reaction involving carbohydrates shown above? This is an example of a hydrolysis reaction.
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All of the following are considered functions of lipids EXCEPT?
All of the following are considered functions of lipids EXCEPT?
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All of the following are considered lipids EXCEPT glycerol.
All of the following are considered lipids EXCEPT glycerol.
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Fatty acids are primarily made up of?
Fatty acids are primarily made up of?
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Triglycerides are commonly known as...?
Triglycerides are commonly known as...?
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Study Notes
Triglycerides and Fatty Acids
- Triglycerides consist of one glycerol molecule and three fatty acids.
- Triglycerides are also commonly referred to as fats and oils.
- Used for insulation and energy storage in the body.
Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids
- DNA and RNA are types of nucleic acids composed of nucleotides, which are made of a sugar, a nitrogenous base, and a phosphate group.
- In DNA, adenine pairs with thymine, while guanine pairs with cytosine.
- The complementary strand for a DNA sequence A_T_T_G_C_G would be T_A_A_C_G_C.
- RNA is single-stranded and can contain different nitrogenous bases compared to DNA, where uracil replaces thymine.
Carbohydrates and Their Functions
- Carbohydrates are made up of monosaccharides, which serve as their basic building blocks.
- They are primarily a source of energy for humans.
- Common disaccharides include lactose and sucrose, while examples of monosaccharides include glucose and galactose.
- Plants store glucose as starch, not glycogen.
Proteins and Enzymes
- Proteins are composed of amino acids, serving various functions including enzymatic activity.
- Enzymes are vital as they speed up chemical reactions, which would otherwise be too slow to sustain life.
ATP and Cellular Energy
- ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is a molecule made of ribose, adenine, and three phosphate groups, functioning as the immediate source of energy for cellular processes.
- Energy is released from ATP when it is hydrolyzed.
Lipids and Their Roles
- Lipids include triglycerides, steroids, and phospholipids, characterized by being mostly nonpolar.
- Functions of lipids extend beyond energy storage to include hormone production and cell membrane structure.
- Glycerol is not considered a lipid.
Molecular Structures and Properties
- The structure of a nucleotide can be defined by its nitrogenous base, sugar, and phosphate. For example, a thymine nucleotide comprises thymine, deoxyribose, and a phosphate group.
- Polysaccharides are long chains of monosaccharides but differ from simple sugars in their complexities.
- Hydrolysis reactions involve breaking down polysaccharides to release simpler sugars.
Observing DNA Composition
- In DNA, if a molecule contains 15% cytosine, it must also have 15% guanine, illustrating Chargaff's rules of base pairing.
- The more biologically significant six-carbon sugar is glucose, while ribose is essential in nucleic acids.
Key Misconceptions
- It is incorrect to classify lactose as a monosaccharide; it is a disaccharide.
- Not all carbohydrates are nonpolar; their functional groups contribute to their polarity.
Studying That Suits You
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Description
Test your knowledge of essential biological concepts with these flashcards from Biology 1308 Unit 3. This quiz covers triglycerides, DNA nucleotide pairing, and the structure of carbohydrates. Perfect for reinforcing your understanding of key terms and definitions in biology.
