Biology 111 Nervous System Overview Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the main function of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system?

To promote rest and relaxation, and 'rest and digest' functions

To regulate the activity of smooth muscles, cardiac muscles, and glands

To stimulate the body's stress response and prepare it for 'fight or flight' (correct)

To control the voluntary movement of skeletal muscles

Which type of neuron is primarily found in the central nervous system (CNS)?

Sensory neurons

Multipolar neurons (correct)

Unipolar neurons

Bipolar neurons

What is the role of the $myelin$ $sheath$ in the function of neurons?

It provides structural support for the neuron

It acts as a barrier to prevent the spread of neurotransmitters

It helps to generate and propagate nerve impulses

It facilitates the rapid transmission of electrical signals along the axon (correct)

Which type of glial cell in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) is responsible for forming the myelin sheath around axons?

Schwann cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the $nodes$ $of$ $Ranvier$ in the structure of a myelinated axon?

To facilitate the rapid transmission of electrical signals along the axon Signup and view all the answers

Which type of neuron is responsible for carrying sensory information from receptors towards the central nervous system?

Sensory neurons Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the nervous system consists of nerves carrying information away from the central nervous system?

Efferent division Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system?

Rest and digest activities Signup and view all the answers

Which structural component of a neuron is responsible for generating and conducting nerve impulses away from the cell body?

Axon Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system?

Producing the myelin sheath around axons Signup and view all the answers

Which type of neuron is responsible for relaying information between sensory and motor neurons, primarily within the central nervous system?

Interneurons Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the axolemma in the structure of a neuron?

Specialized for conducting nerve impulses Signup and view all the answers

Which type of glial cell in the central nervous system is responsible for covering neurons, synapses, and capillaries?

Astrocytes Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe bundles of neuron processes in the peripheral nervous system?

Nerves Signup and view all the answers

Which type of neuron is primarily found in the peripheral nervous system and has a single process?

Unipolar neuron Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe regions of the central nervous system composed mainly of cell bodies and unmyelinated axons?

Gray matter Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Autonomic Nervous System

The sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for preparing the body for "fight-or-flight" responses, increasing heart rate, blood pressure, and respiration, diverting blood flow to muscles, and initiating other stress-related actions.

Neuron Types

Interneurons are primarily found in the central nervous system (CNS) and act as intermediaries between sensory and motor neurons.

Myelin Sheath

The myelin sheath, a fatty covering that insulates axons, significantly speeds up the conduction of nerve impulses, allowing for efficient communication throughout the nervous system.

Glial Cells

Schwann cells are the glial cells found in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) that are responsible for forming the myelin sheath around axons.

Nodes of Ranvier

The nodes of Ranvier, gaps in the myelin sheath, play a crucial role in saltatory conduction, a faster form of nerve impulse propagation where the signal jumps from one node to the next.

Sensory and Motor Neurons

Sensory neurons are responsible for transmitting sensory information from receptors, such as those in the skin, eyes, and ears, to the central nervous system (CNS).

Peripheral Nervous System

The peripheral nervous system consists of nerves that carry information away from the central nervous system (CNS), connecting the CNS to the rest of the body.

Parasympathetic Division

The parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for "rest-and-digest" functions, slowing heart rate, lowering blood pressure, increasing digestive activity, and promoting relaxation.

Neuron Structure

The axon, the extension of a neuron, is responsible for generating and conducting nerve impulses away from the cell body.

Oligodendrocytes

Oligodendrocytes, a type of glial cell found in the central nervous system (CNS), are responsible for forming the myelin sheath around axons in the CNS, enabling efficient nerve impulse transmission.

Axolemma

The axolemma, the plasma membrane of an axon, plays a critical role in maintaining the electrochemical gradient necessary for nerve impulse conduction.

Astrocytes

Astrocytes, a type of glial cell found in the central nervous system (CNS), are responsible for supporting neurons, regulating the extracellular environment, and forming the blood-brain barrier.

Neuron Processes

Nerves are bundles of neuron processes, including axons and dendrites, that are found in the peripheral nervous system (PNS), forming pathways for nerve impulse transmission.

Unipolar Neurons

Unipolar neurons, primarily found in the peripheral nervous system (PNS), have a single process that extends from the cell body and then branches into an axon and a dendrite.

Gray Matter

Gray matter is a region of the central nervous system (CNS) primarily composed of cell bodies and unmyelinated axons, crucial for information processing and integration.

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Description

Test your knowledge of the central nervous system (CNS), peripheral nervous system (PNS), afferent and efferent divisions, somatic nervous system, and autonomic nervous system. Explore the roles of the brain, spinal cord, sensory and motor nerves in these systems.