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Questions and Answers
What is the main function of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system?
What is the main function of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system?
- To promote rest and relaxation, and 'rest and digest' functions
- To regulate the activity of smooth muscles, cardiac muscles, and glands
- To stimulate the body's stress response and prepare it for 'fight or flight' (correct)
- To control the voluntary movement of skeletal muscles
Which type of neuron is primarily found in the central nervous system (CNS)?
Which type of neuron is primarily found in the central nervous system (CNS)?
- Sensory neurons
- Multipolar neurons (correct)
- Unipolar neurons
- Bipolar neurons
What is the role of the $myelin$ $sheath$ in the function of neurons?
What is the role of the $myelin$ $sheath$ in the function of neurons?
- It provides structural support for the neuron
- It acts as a barrier to prevent the spread of neurotransmitters
- It helps to generate and propagate nerve impulses
- It facilitates the rapid transmission of electrical signals along the axon (correct)
Which type of glial cell in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) is responsible for forming the myelin sheath around axons?
Which type of glial cell in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) is responsible for forming the myelin sheath around axons?
What is the main function of the $nodes$ $of$ $Ranvier$ in the structure of a myelinated axon?
What is the main function of the $nodes$ $of$ $Ranvier$ in the structure of a myelinated axon?
Which type of neuron is responsible for carrying sensory information from receptors towards the central nervous system?
Which type of neuron is responsible for carrying sensory information from receptors towards the central nervous system?
Which part of the nervous system consists of nerves carrying information away from the central nervous system?
Which part of the nervous system consists of nerves carrying information away from the central nervous system?
What is the primary function of the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system?
What is the primary function of the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system?
Which structural component of a neuron is responsible for generating and conducting nerve impulses away from the cell body?
Which structural component of a neuron is responsible for generating and conducting nerve impulses away from the cell body?
What is the primary function of oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system?
What is the primary function of oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system?
Which type of neuron is responsible for relaying information between sensory and motor neurons, primarily within the central nervous system?
Which type of neuron is responsible for relaying information between sensory and motor neurons, primarily within the central nervous system?
What is the primary function of the axolemma in the structure of a neuron?
What is the primary function of the axolemma in the structure of a neuron?
Which type of glial cell in the central nervous system is responsible for covering neurons, synapses, and capillaries?
Which type of glial cell in the central nervous system is responsible for covering neurons, synapses, and capillaries?
What is the term used to describe bundles of neuron processes in the peripheral nervous system?
What is the term used to describe bundles of neuron processes in the peripheral nervous system?
Which type of neuron is primarily found in the peripheral nervous system and has a single process?
Which type of neuron is primarily found in the peripheral nervous system and has a single process?
What is the term used to describe regions of the central nervous system composed mainly of cell bodies and unmyelinated axons?
What is the term used to describe regions of the central nervous system composed mainly of cell bodies and unmyelinated axons?
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Study Notes
Autonomic Nervous System
- The sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for preparing the body for "fight-or-flight" responses, increasing heart rate, blood pressure, and respiration, diverting blood flow to muscles, and initiating other stress-related actions.
Neuron Types
- Interneurons are primarily found in the central nervous system (CNS) and act as intermediaries between sensory and motor neurons.
Myelin Sheath
- The myelin sheath, a fatty covering that insulates axons, significantly speeds up the conduction of nerve impulses, allowing for efficient communication throughout the nervous system.
Glial Cells
- Schwann cells are the glial cells found in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) that are responsible for forming the myelin sheath around axons.
Nodes of Ranvier
- The nodes of Ranvier, gaps in the myelin sheath, play a crucial role in saltatory conduction, a faster form of nerve impulse propagation where the signal jumps from one node to the next.
Sensory and Motor Neurons
- Sensory neurons are responsible for transmitting sensory information from receptors, such as those in the skin, eyes, and ears, to the central nervous system (CNS).
Peripheral Nervous System
- The peripheral nervous system consists of nerves that carry information away from the central nervous system (CNS), connecting the CNS to the rest of the body.
Parasympathetic Division
- The parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for "rest-and-digest" functions, slowing heart rate, lowering blood pressure, increasing digestive activity, and promoting relaxation.
Neuron Structure
- The axon, the extension of a neuron, is responsible for generating and conducting nerve impulses away from the cell body.
Oligodendrocytes
- Oligodendrocytes, a type of glial cell found in the central nervous system (CNS), are responsible for forming the myelin sheath around axons in the CNS, enabling efficient nerve impulse transmission.
Axolemma
- The axolemma, the plasma membrane of an axon, plays a critical role in maintaining the electrochemical gradient necessary for nerve impulse conduction.
Astrocytes
- Astrocytes, a type of glial cell found in the central nervous system (CNS), are responsible for supporting neurons, regulating the extracellular environment, and forming the blood-brain barrier.
Neuron Processes
- Nerves are bundles of neuron processes, including axons and dendrites, that are found in the peripheral nervous system (PNS), forming pathways for nerve impulse transmission.
Unipolar Neurons
- Unipolar neurons, primarily found in the peripheral nervous system (PNS), have a single process that extends from the cell body and then branches into an axon and a dendrite.
Gray Matter
- Gray matter is a region of the central nervous system (CNS) primarily composed of cell bodies and unmyelinated axons, crucial for information processing and integration.
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