Biology 111: Chemistry of Living Organisms

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Questions and Answers

What distinguishes an element from a compound?

An element can exist in any physical state.

A compound consists of two or more elements. (correct)

An element can be broken down by chemical reactions.

A compound consists of only one type of atom.

Which of the following correctly describes the structure of an atom?

Atoms consist of protons, neutrons, and electrons. (correct)

Atoms consist of only protons and electrons.

Neutrons carry a positive charge and help define the atomic mass.

The nucleus contains electrons and the outer shell contains protons.

What is the significance of an element's atomic number?

It represents the number of protons in the nucleus. (correct)

It indicates the total number of neutrons in the nucleus.

It indicates the number of electrons in a neutral atom.

It determines the total mass of the element.

Which of the following is a correct statement about molecules?

A molecule is the smallest unit that retains the properties of a compound. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about the first ten elements in the periodic table?

They follow a specific pattern in their electron arrangements. Signup and view all the answers

What is the charge of a neutron?

No electrical charge Signup and view all the answers

What does the atomic number of an element represent?

The number of protons in the nucleus Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about valence electrons is true?

Their distribution determines an atom's chemical behavior. Signup and view all the answers

How is atomic mass approximated?

By the mass number, which is the sum of protons and neutrons Signup and view all the answers

What occurs when energy is absorbed by an electron?

It moves to a higher energy level or shell. Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the mass number and the number of neutrons?

Mass number = Number of neutrons + Number of protons Signup and view all the answers

In which region of the atom are electrons located?

Forming a cloud around the nucleus Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic of an atom is most relevant for determining its chemical reactivity?

The arrangement of valence electrons Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate mass of protons and neutrons measured in?

Daltons Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Chemistry of Living Organisms

Course Code: BIOL 111, Credit Hours: 3
Lecturer: Gerlisa Vigillant, Semester: September 2022/2023

Learning Objectives

Define atoms, elements, and molecules with examples.
Explain subatomic structure: protons, neutrons, and electrons.
Interpret atomic number, mass number, and atomic mass.
State number of atoms in elements/compounds.
Calculate subatomic particles based on given data.
Identify the first ten elements in the periodic table.
Draw electronic configurations for the first ten elements.
Calculate charge for the first ten elements.

Elements and Compounds

Matter comprises elements; an element cannot be chemically broken down.
A compound consists of two or more elements in a fixed ratio.
Example: Sodium (Na) and Chlorine (Cl) combine to form Sodium Chloride (NaCl).

Properties of Elements

Unique atoms define each element.
Atoms are the smallest matter units retaining element properties.
Molecules consist of one or more atoms.

Subatomic Particles

Atoms contain neutrons (neutral), protons (positively charged), and electrons (negatively charged).
Neutrons and protons create the atomic nucleus while electrons form a cloud surrounding it.
Mass of neutrons and protons is similar and measured in daltons.

Atomic Number and Atomic Mass

Atomic number represents the number of protons in an atom's nucleus.
Mass number is the sum of protons and neutrons.
Atomic mass approximates the mass number.

Energy Levels of Electrons

Energy represents the capacity to cause change; potential energy is associated with location/structure of matter.
Electrons possess varying potential energy; their energy level, or shell, defines this state.
Higher energy levels correspond to shells farther from the nucleus.

Electron Distribution and Chemical Properties

Atoms' chemical behavior is influenced by electron distribution in shells.
Valence electrons, located in the outer shell, primarily determine chemical behavior.
Atoms with full valence shells are chemically inert.

Calculating Subatomic Particles

Atomic number equals the number of protons and electrons.
Mass number equals the sum of protons and neutrons.
The number of neutrons can be calculated using the formula: Number of Neutrons = Mass Number - Atomic Number.

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Description

This quiz covers the foundational chemistry concepts relevant to biological systems as outlined in the Introduction to Biological Concepts course. Students will explore key terms such as atoms, elements, and molecules, as well as the subatomic structure of atoms and their significance in the biological context.