Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which protein is primarily responsible for controlling the progression of the cell cycle?
Which protein is primarily responsible for controlling the progression of the cell cycle?
- Creatine Kinase
- Lactate Dehydrogenase
- Cyclins (correct)
- Keratin
What is the law that states the expression of one trait does not affect the expression of another trait?
What is the law that states the expression of one trait does not affect the expression of another trait?
- Law of the Land
- Law of Segregation
- Law of Dominance
- Law of Independent Assortment (correct)
What term refers to a variant of a gene that can result in an alternate phenotype?
What term refers to a variant of a gene that can result in an alternate phenotype?
- Locus
- Lock
- Switch
- Allele (correct)
Which term describes the collection of genes and alleles present in an organism?
Which term describes the collection of genes and alleles present in an organism?
Mitosis results in the production of how many daughter cells?
Mitosis results in the production of how many daughter cells?
What term refers to the observable traits of an organism?
What term refers to the observable traits of an organism?
In comparison to diploid fruits, polyploid fruits are generally ___?
In comparison to diploid fruits, polyploid fruits are generally ___?
What type of mutation introduces a stop codon prematurely in a protein sequence?
What type of mutation introduces a stop codon prematurely in a protein sequence?
Sister chromatids are defined by which of the following characteristics?
Sister chromatids are defined by which of the following characteristics?
What type of mutation occurs when a single nucleotide is replaced by another?
What type of mutation occurs when a single nucleotide is replaced by another?
During which phase of mitosis is the kinetochore that connects sister chromatids broken down?
During which phase of mitosis is the kinetochore that connects sister chromatids broken down?
During metaphase in mitosis, how many spindle fibers typically attach to each chromosome?
During metaphase in mitosis, how many spindle fibers typically attach to each chromosome?
In what scenario do both alleles for a trait exhibit full expression in a heterozygote?
In what scenario do both alleles for a trait exhibit full expression in a heterozygote?
What is the result when two different alleles in a heterozygote produce an intermediate phenotype?
What is the result when two different alleles in a heterozygote produce an intermediate phenotype?
How would you describe homologous chromosomes?
How would you describe homologous chromosomes?
What mutation can potentially lead to a more drastic change in protein function, by causing the reading frame to shift?
What mutation can potentially lead to a more drastic change in protein function, by causing the reading frame to shift?
What is a common characteristic of a trait displayed by incomplete dominance?
What is a common characteristic of a trait displayed by incomplete dominance?
In what way do centrosomes function during cell division?
In what way do centrosomes function during cell division?
Which option describes a gene that can result in variations like blood type A, B, AB, and O?
Which option describes a gene that can result in variations like blood type A, B, AB, and O?
What type of genetic inheritance is demonstrated by Peter's hemophilia and the fact that Gwen is a carrier?
What type of genetic inheritance is demonstrated by Peter's hemophilia and the fact that Gwen is a carrier?
What is the possible way some animals reproduce?
What is the possible way some animals reproduce?
What is the physical location of a gene on a chromosome known as?
What is the physical location of a gene on a chromosome known as?
During which phase of meiosis do homologous chromosomes separate?
During which phase of meiosis do homologous chromosomes separate?
What law explains that one allele can mask the phenotype of another?
What law explains that one allele can mask the phenotype of another?
What type of cells are produced by mitosis in humans?
What type of cells are produced by mitosis in humans?
What term describes a situation with three homologous chromosomes for one set?
What term describes a situation with three homologous chromosomes for one set?
What class of mutagens does UV light fall into?
What class of mutagens does UV light fall into?
In mitosis, during which phase does chromosome condensation occur?
In mitosis, during which phase does chromosome condensation occur?
How many daughter cells are produced at the end of meiosis?
How many daughter cells are produced at the end of meiosis?
If a disease is caused by a gene on chromosome 12, which type is it considered?
If a disease is caused by a gene on chromosome 12, which type is it considered?
Flashcards
Cyclins
Cyclins
Proteins that control the cell cycle progression.
Law of Independent Assortment
Law of Independent Assortment
The state shown for one trait does not influence how another trait is expressed.
Allele
Allele
A variant of a gene that leads to different traits.
Genotype
Genotype
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Mitosis daughter cells
Mitosis daughter cells
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Phenotype
Phenotype
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Polyploid fruits
Polyploid fruits
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Nonsense Mutation
Nonsense Mutation
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Sister chromatids
Sister chromatids
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Anaphase (Mitosis)
Anaphase (Mitosis)
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Modes of Reproduction in Animals
Modes of Reproduction in Animals
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Gene Location
Gene Location
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Homologous Chromosome Separation
Homologous Chromosome Separation
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Law of Dominance
Law of Dominance
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Triploidy
Triploidy
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Physical Mutagens
Physical Mutagens
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Chromosome Condensation
Chromosome Condensation
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Meiosis Outcome
Meiosis Outcome
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Autosomal Disease
Autosomal Disease
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Point Mutation
Point Mutation
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Frameshift Mutation
Frameshift Mutation
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Spindle Fibers
Spindle Fibers
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Codominance
Codominance
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Incomplete Dominance
Incomplete Dominance
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Homologous Chromosomes
Homologous Chromosomes
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Meiosis
Meiosis
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Checkpoint Protein
Checkpoint Protein
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Dominant Allele
Dominant Allele
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Recessive Allele
Recessive Allele
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Study Notes
Exam Questions - Biology 110
- Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs): Exam comprises 32 MCQs, each worth 2 points.
- Short Answer Questions (SAQs): 4 SAQs, each worth 4 points. Students can skip one.
- Punnett Square Questions: 5 questions, each worth 4 points. Students can skip one.
- Freebies: Students can skip either one of the SAQs or one of the Punnett Squares.
Multiple Choice Questions (Example)
- Question 1: Which protein controls cell cycle progression?
- Correct answer: Cyclins
- Question 6: What are observable expressed traits?
- Correct answer: Phenotype
- Question 7: Polyploid fruits are often...
- Correct answer: Larger (than diploid fruits)
- Question 10: The kinetochore breaks down during?
- Correct answer: Anaphase
- Question 12: What is the physical location of a gene on a chromosome?
- Correct Answer: Locus
Short Answer Questions (Example)
- Question 33: Advantages of meiosis over asexual reproduction?
- Meiosis introduces genetic variation through recombination, while asexual reproduction produces genetically identical offspring. This variation is crucial for adaptation and evolution in changing environments.
- Question 34: Consequences of checkpoint protein gene mutations?
- Mutations in checkpoint proteins can lead to uncontrolled cell division (cancer). This occurs because these proteins normally regulate the cell cycle ensuring DNA damage is fixed or the cell is properly prepared to divide.
- Question 35: Dominant vs. recessive alleles in genetic diseases?
- Recessive alleles are more likely to be involved in genetic diseases. These diseases typically require both copies of the mutated gene to be present for the disease to manifest.
Punnett Square Questions (Example)
- Instructions: Show work. Failure to do so results in point deductions.
- Question 37-38: Incomplete dominance, red/white flower color, or fur color in mice require Punnett Square setups and calculations of offspring probabilities.
- Question 39: Blood type genetics problems require Punnett Square solutions to determine the probabilities of offspring blood types.
Other Topics
- Chromosome Structure & Function: Homologous chromosomes, sister chromatids, ploidy levels, and chromosome number.
- Genetic Laws: Independent assortment, dominance, and segregation (explanations required for some questions).
- Genetics Processes: Mitosis, meiosis, and mutation types.
- Meiosis: Stages of meiosis in mitosis, including prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.
- Mutations: Types of mutations (insertions, deletions, point mutations, etc.), and their effects.
- Sexual vs. Asexual Reproduction: advantages/disadvantages of each method.
- Inheritance Patterns: Concepts of autosomal traits, X-linked traits etc in genetics.
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