Biology 10th Class Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What drives the movement of DNA through the gel during electrophoresis?

Electric current (correct)

Thermal energy

Gravitational force

Magnetic force

In gel electrophoresis, which statement is true regarding the movement of DNA fragments?

Larger fragments do not travel as far as smaller ones (correct)

All fragments travel the same distance

Smaller fragments do not enter the gel

Larger fragments travel farther than smaller fragments

Which body system is primarily responsible for gas exchange?

Nervous system

Respiratory system (correct)

Digestive system

Cardiovascular system

What is the primary function of the muscular system?

Moves the body and substances around Signup and view all the answers

Which system is responsible for filtering fluid in the body?

Lymphatic and immune system Signup and view all the answers

What is rigor mortis?

Stiffening of the body after death Signup and view all the answers

Which system secretes hormones that regulate body processes?

Endocrine system Signup and view all the answers

What role does the digestive system play in the body?

Regulates water balance of food Signup and view all the answers

Which lobe of the brain is primarily responsible for processing auditory information?

Temporal lobe Signup and view all the answers

What type of tissue is primarily responsible for the contractility of muscles?

Muscle tissue Signup and view all the answers

Which chamber of the heart receives deoxygenated blood from the body?

Right atrium Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the primary functions of the parietal lobe?

Sensory information processing Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a common symptom of a concussion?

Increased energy levels Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of plasma in the blood?

Serving as the liquid component that carries dissolved substances Signup and view all the answers

Which nitrogen bases pair together in DNA?

Adenine with thymine; guanine with cytosine Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes a eukaryotic cell?

Presence of mitochondria and ribosomes as organelles Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of restriction enzymes in molecular biology?

To cut DNA at specific sequences Signup and view all the answers

What do RFLPs stand for and what is their purpose?

Restriction fragment length polymorphism; to observe genetic similarities Signup and view all the answers

What are nucleotides composed of?

Phosphate, deoxyribose sugar, nitrogenous base Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the nucleus in a cell?

To serve as the main control center of the cell Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) used for?

To amplify specific DNA sequences Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal range for pulse in beats per minute?

60-100 bpm Signup and view all the answers

What device is used to measure body temperature?

Thermometer Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is considered a normal blood pressure reading?

120/80 mmHg Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the systolic pressure in a blood pressure reading?

It represents the heart's contraction. Signup and view all the answers

Which tool is used to examine the eyes?

Ophthalmoscope Signup and view all the answers

What does the 'D' in ABCDE evaluation of a mole stand for?

Diameter Signup and view all the answers

During a sensory examination, what does a semi-sharp object help assess?

Pain sensation Signup and view all the answers

What does the oculomotor test assess?

Eye movement Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the left ventricle in the heart?

Pumps oxygenated blood to the body Signup and view all the answers

Which vessel carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the body?

Aorta Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following valves is found between the right atrium and right ventricle?

Tricuspid valve Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes pulmonary circulation from systemic circulation?

It moves blood between the heart and lungs Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to the record of past health issues in a medical context?

Medical history Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct definition of homeostasis?

The steady internal conditions maintained by living systems Signup and view all the answers

What do pulmonary veins do?

Return oxygenated blood to the left atrium Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes a chief complaint?

A concise statement describing the primary problem or symptom Signup and view all the answers

What does the top number in a vision measurement like 20/20 represent?

The distance from which the eye can see clearly Signup and view all the answers

Which component of blood is primarily responsible for oxygen transport?

Red blood cells Signup and view all the answers

Which type of lipoprotein is known as 'bad' cholesterol?

LDL Signup and view all the answers

What factors can increase the risk of heart disease?

High blood pressure, smoking Signup and view all the answers

Which fat is typically solid at room temperature?

Saturated fats Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of hemoglobin in red blood cells?

To transport oxygen Signup and view all the answers

What does hematocrit measure?

The volume percentage of red blood cells in blood Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following foods is high in saturated fats?

Butter Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Hair Regions

Hair has three main layers: cortex, medulla, and cuticle
Cortex is the middle layer
Medulla is the innermost layer
Cuticle is the outermost layer

Fingerprint Patterns

Fingerprints have four main patterns: loops, whorls, arches, and tented arches
Loops form a loop shape
Whorls form a circular or spiral pattern
Arches slope upward and then downward
Tented arches have ridges that meet in the center and go forward

Vocabulary

Minutiae: tiny fingerprint ridge details
Trace evidence: created when objects make contact
Heart rate: number of heartbeats per minute
Blood pressure: pressure of circulating blood
Respiratory rate: number of breaths per minute
Skin conductivity: skin's ability to conduct electricity
Experimental design: researchers manipulate an independent variable to measure a dependent variable
Experiment: a research method where researchers manipulate factors to observe effects
Hypothesis: educated guess
Control: standard for comparison in an experiment
Independent variable: manipulated factor in an experiment
Dependent variable: outcome factor in an experiment

Blood Vocabulary

Blood typing: method to determine blood type
Antigens: foreign substances triggering an immune response
Antibodies: proteins fighting off infections
Red blood cells: carry oxygen and carbon dioxide
White blood cells: part of the immune system, fighting infection
Platelets: form clots to stop bleeding

DNA Vocabulary

DNA: molecule containing an organism's genetic code
Nitrogen bases: Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine
Covalent bond: chemical bond involving electron sharing
Hydrogen bond: forms between paired nucleotides
Nucleotide: building blocks of DNA (phosphate, deoxyribose sugar, nitrogenous base)

Extra Vocabulary

Eukaryotic cell: possesses a clearly defined nucleus
Prokaryotic cell: does not have a nucleus
Organelle: specialized structures performing jobs in cells (mitochondria, ribosomes)
Nucleus: main control center of the cell
Chromosomes: thread-like structures in the nucleus (46 in healthy humans)
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR): process for making millions of copies of a DNA sequence
Restriction enzymes: DNA-cutting enzymes
Recognition site: specific DNA sequence that a restriction enzyme cuts
Restriction digest: DNA cut by restriction enzymes
RFLPs (restriction fragment length polymorphism): DNA fragment length differences among individuals

Body Systems

Cardiovascular system: pumps blood, transports oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, waste
Nervous system: responds to internal/external changes
Digestive system: breaks down food, eliminates waste, regulates water balance
Urinary system: breaks down food into nutrients, absorbs, and removes waste
Lymphatic and immune system: filters fluid, attacks foreign substances
Respiratory system: gas exchange, delivers oxygen and removes carbon dioxide
Integumentary system: external covering, protects, regulates temperature
Reproductive system: produces, transports, sustains sperm/eggs, nurtures offspring
Endocrine system: secretes hormones regulating growth, reproduction, and metabolism
Muscular system: moves the body, maintains posture, produces heat
Skeletal system: protects and supports organs, provides framework for muscles, made up of bones and joints

Body After Death

Algor mortis: cooling of the body after death
Rigor mortis: stiffening of the body after death
Livor mortis: pooling of blood in tissues after death, resulting in a reddish discoloration due to gravity.

Important Biological Concepts

Ambient temperature: surrounding air temperature
Glaister Equation: approximate time since death based on body temperature
Toxicology: study of chemical effects
Histology: study of tissues

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Description

Test your knowledge with this comprehensive quiz covering key concepts in biology, including DNA, body systems, brain functions, and more. Perfect for students in 10th grade who want to assess their understanding of the biological processes and systems. Challenge yourself and see how well you can answer these fundamental questions!