Biology 1001 Exam 1

Biology 1001 Exam 1

• Student's t-test: A means' test. (True/False question)
• Standard normal curve: Represents a family of curves described by parametric statistics, studied using integral calculus. (True/False question)
• Paradigm: Was once a paradox. (True/False question)
• Random sample: Usually doesn't provide biased results. (True/False question)
• Sample size: Not the most important aspect of an experiment. (True/False question)
• Chi-Square test: An example of a nonparametric test, where each datum is squared to generate a normally distributed data set (Parametric/Nonparametric/Random/Regression).
• ANOVA tests: Compare means of two populations.
• Regression tests: Measure the correlation of two data sets. (True/False question)
• Standard error of the mean: Usually decreases with larger sample size. (True/False question)
• Mean: An average, usually with a variance statement. (True/False question)
• Statement of variance: Standard deviation of the mean. (True/False question)
• Outcomes of Biosphere I and II: Biosphere II was unsuccessful. (True/False question)
• Gaia Hypothesis author: James Lovelock. (True/False question)
• Hypothesis characteristics: Must be testable. (True/False question)
• Chain of custody: Essential part of evidence. (True/False question)
• Placebo effect: Bane of controlled drug experiments. (True/False question)
• Statistical confidence level: Typically 95% or 99% in experiments.
• Parsimony: Using Occam's razor, selecting the simplest explanation.
• Peer-review: Process of refereeing papers for publication.
• Conundrum: Complex problem stated as a question.
• Holism: Logic of viewing wholes within wholes.
• Deduction: Reasoning from a part to a whole.
• Secondary Structure of a polypeptide: Alpha helix.
• Globular proteins: Attachment sites for cofactors, inhibitors, vitamins, and metals.
• Diamonds: Covalently bonded carbon atoms.
• Atomic Hypothesis (orbital model): Electrons as particulate matter.
• Atomic Hypothesis (planetary model): Electrons as energetic fields.
• Fibrous Proteins: Actin and myosin (contractile proteins).

Additional Topics (Page 2 and beyond)

• Pulse: Example of a vital sign.
• Acronym for major elements of life: CHONPS (Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur).
• Study of change in populations: Ecology.
• Physics expression related to energy: Work/force.
• Three base unit of DNA: Codon.
• Logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration: pH.
• Endosymbiosis theory: Collects bacterial cells into nucleated cell units.
• Isotopes: Atoms with differing numbers of neutrons.
• Electrolytes: Atoms with differing numbers of electrons.
• Scientific Method steps:
• Hypothesis Testing (Errors): Type I and Type II errors.
• Cellular Membranes: Fluid mosaic model.
• Energy nucleotide: ATP.
• Endocrine disruptor example: BPA (Bisphenol A).
• Secondary structure: Beta-pleated sheet.
• Proteins in connective tissue: Collagen.
• Quaternary protein example: Hemoglobin.
• Various biological molecules: Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids.

More Topics (Page 3 and beyond)

• Basic atomic particles: Protons, neutrons, electrons.
• Cations and Anions: Ions with different charges.
• Electrons, protons, and atomic number: Electrons as subatomic particles and their role in determining atomic structures.
• Experimental group: Receives the drug or treatment.
• Placebos: Controls in experiments.
• Scientific method (hypothesis): Educated guess tested in an experiment.
• Biosphere Definition: Contains all ecosystems of Earth.
• Community definition: Group of populations in an area.
• Molecules crucial for life: CHONs (carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen).
• Electricity: Flow of electrons
• Hypothesis and Falsifiability: Can be proven wrong in experiments.
• Covalent Bonding: Sharing of electrons.
• Ionic Bonding: Transfer of electrons.
• Hypothesis: An educated guess.
• Skepticism (Science): Essential in scientific inquiry; doubt the results, hypotheses tested many times.