Biologists and Cell Theory Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which scientist is known for coining the term 'cell'?

Robert Hooke (correct)

Robert Brown

Mathias Schliden

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

What did Anton van Leeuwenhoek observe that later became known as bacteria?

Pollen grains

Animalcules (correct)

Cells

Nucleus

Which scientist proposed that cells are the basic unit of life in plants?

Robert Brown

Theodor Schwann

Rudolf Virchow

Mathias Schliden (correct)

What important concept did Rudolf Virchow introduce regarding diseased cells?

Diseased cells divide to produce more diseased cells Signup and view all the answers

What observation did Robert Brown make while studying plant cells?

Ovals inside plant cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the endoplasmic reticulum in liver cells?

Detoxification of harmful substances Signup and view all the answers

Which structure primarily modifies and transports substances produced by the endoplasmic reticulum?

Golgi Apparatus Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of mitochondria in the cell?

Energy production through biochemical reactions Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of lysosomes in an animal cell?

Digesting worn out cell parts and macromolecules Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is crucial for cell division by producing spindle fibers?

Centrioles Signup and view all the answers

What are the primary components of the plant cell wall?

Cellulose fibers Signup and view all the answers

Which pigment is essential for photosynthesis in chloroplasts?

Chlorophyll Signup and view all the answers

What type of movement is facilitated by cilia in the cytoskeleton?

Rapid rotational movement Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the nucleus in a eukaryotic cell?

Regulating cellular functions like growth and repair Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately describes prokaryotic cells?

They are typically microscopic and unicellular. Signup and view all the answers

What structure is responsible for producing ribosomes within the nucleus?

Nucleolus Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true about the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)?

It plays a role in synthesizing proteins. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of cytoplasm within the cell?

Transporting materials necessary for metabolism Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes smooth endoplasmic reticulum from rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Smooth ER does not have ribosomes; Rough ER does. Signup and view all the answers

Why are red blood cells considered anucleate?

They contain more hemoglobin for oxygen transport. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of eukaryotic cells?

Presence of membrane-bound organelles Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Biologists and Cell Theory

Robert Hooke (1665): Coined the term "cell" while observing cork under a microscope.
Anton van Leeuwenhoek (1680s): Observed living cells, and single-celled organisms, credited as the "Father of Microscopy."
Robert Brown (1831): Identified the nucleus in plant cells, contributing to cell theory.
Mathias Schleiden (1838): Proposed that cells are the fundamental units of plant life.
Theodor Schwann (1839): Expanded Schleiden's theory to include animal cells, stating that all animals are composed of cells.
Rudolf Virchow (1858): Contributed by proposing that all living cells come from pre-existing cells, opposing spontaneous generation.

Domains of Life

Prokaryotes:
Bacteria and Archaea
Single-celled microorganisms
Lack a nucleus
Simple structure
Eukaryotes:
Complex organisms
Single-celled or multicellular
Have a nucleus
More complex structure.

Organelles

Organelle: Specialized structures within eukaryotic cells with specific functions. Contributes to cell activity.
Nucleus: Membrane-bound organelle containing genetic information (chromosomes) that regulates cell function and division.
Nuclear envelope: Separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm, supporting the nucleus structure.
Nucleolus: Produces ribosomes.
Chromatin: Thread-like structures made of DNA, forms chromosomes when condensed.
Cytoplasm: Cell's inner substance outside the nucleus.
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): Network of tubules and flattened sacs assisting in material transport within the cell.
Smooth ER: Synthesizes lipids and steroids and assists with detoxification.
Rough ER: Synthesizes proteins and has ribosomes attached.
Ribosomes: Small structures responsible for protein synthesis, either free or attached to ER.
Golgi Apparatus: Processes, modifies, and packages proteins and other materials.
Mitochondria: Organelles responsible for energy production (ATP).
Vacuoles: Fluid-filled sacs that store nutrients, water, waste. Animal cells often have smaller vacuoles than plant cells
Lysosomes: Specialized vacuoles with enzymes for breaking down waste materials.
Cell Wall: Found in plant cells, provides support, made of cellulose.
Chloroplast: Found in plant cells, contains chlorophyll enabling photosynthesis.

Specialized Structures in Animal Cells

Centrioles: Involved in cell division by producing spindle fibers and ensuring equal chromosome distribution.
Cytoskeleton: Maintains cell shape and assists in movement (e.g., cilia, flagella).
Cilia: Short hair-like structures used for rapid movement/
Flagella: Long, whip-like structures used for movement

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Description

Test your knowledge on the key figures and concepts of cell theory! This quiz covers pivotal contributions from luminaries like Robert Hooke and Anton van Leeuwenhoek, as well as essential distinctions between prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Understand how these discoveries shaped our understanding of life.