Questions and Answers
The ________ rhythm is the biological rhythm that occurs over approximately 24 hours.
circadian
Which theorist described dreams as having manifest and latent content?
Sigmund Freud
The hidden meaning of a dream is called the ________ content.
latent
Sleepwalking is also referred to as ________.
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Sleep apnea is defined by ________.
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The sleep cycle is an example of a(n) ________ rhythm.
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Which psychological perspective might advance the argument that our sleep patterns evolved as an adaptive response to predatory risks, which are higher during periods of darkness?
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Mohammed is sleeping. His eyelids are quivering because his eyes are darting around. Mohammed is probably experiencing ________ sleep.
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Which of the following is a symptom of REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD)?
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Cataplexy is a symptom associated with ________.
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Physical dependence on a drug is indicated by the user experiencing ________ as a result of discontinuing use of the drug.
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Tayla smokes marijuana. At first, just a few inhalations were enough to cloud her mind. Over time, she needs to smoke more and more to achieve the same effect. This is an example of ________.
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Alcohol is considered a ________ because it tends to suppress central nervous system activity.
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Samek was driving to work when he suddenly felt paralyzed and couldn't resist falling asleep. Samek may have ________.
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Tariq depends on cigarettes to relieve his stress, though he smokes so infrequently that he experiences no significant, noticeable physical symptoms when he is not smoking. What does this exemplify?
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Cocaine is considered a ________ drug because it tends to increase overall levels of neural activity.
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While ________ is generally achieved through the interaction of a therapist and the person being treated, an individual can perform ________ alone.
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Morphine is considered a(n) ________ drug because it decreases pain.
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Mescaline is considered a ________ drug because it results in profound alterations in sensory and perceptual experiences.
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Melatonin release is stimulated by ________ and inhibited by ________.
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Crack is considered more addictive than cocaine because it is ________.
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The social cognitive theory of hypnosis suggests that ________.
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According to the dissociation view of hypnosis, hypnosis is ________.
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Xi needs to stay awake another hour to study for his English final, so he drinks several cups of cola. When he's done studying, he finds that he can't sleep even though he wants to, he feels agitated, his muscles twitch, his heartbeat is irregular, and he feels nauseated. What is causing Xi to feel this way?
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Which of the following statements about sleep deprivation is false?
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Study Notes
Biological Rhythms
- Circadian rhythm refers to biological rhythms occurring approximately every 24 hours.
- Sleep cycle operates as a circadian rhythm, influencing sleep patterns and behaviors.
Dream Analysis
- Sigmund Freud theorized that dreams have two types of content: manifest (actual storyline) and latent (hidden meanings).
- Latent content is the term for the underlying significance of dreams.
Sleep Disorders
- Somnambulism is the technical term for sleepwalking.
- Sleep apnea involves episodes where breathing stops during sleep.
- REM (Rapid Eye Movement) sleep is characterized by eye movements, indicating active dreaming.
Sleep-related Phenomena
- REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) can lead to symptoms like kicking and punching during sleep.
- Cataplexy occurs with narcolepsy, causing sudden muscle weakness and loss of tone.
Substance Dependence and Effects
- Physical dependence on drugs is shown by changes in normal bodily functions when usage stops.
- Tolerance is demonstrated when increased amounts of a substance are required for the same effect, as seen with marijuana use.
- Psychological dependence on substances, like cigarettes, occurs without significant physical withdrawal symptoms.
Drug Classifications
- Depressants, such as alcohol, suppress central nervous system activity.
- Stimulants, like cocaine, increase overall neural activity.
- Opioids (e.g., morphine) decrease pain, whereas hallucinogenic substances (e.g., mescaline) cause significant sensory distortions.
Medication Effects
- Melatonin secretion is stimulated by darkness and inhibited by light.
- Crack cocaine is more addictive than cocaine due to its smokable form, leading to quicker brain absorption.
Hypnosis Theories
- The social cognitive theory posits that individuals in a hypnotic state are merely playing roles expected of them.
- The dissociation view suggests hypnosis creates a detached state of consciousness.
Caffeine and Sleep
- Caffeine consumption can lead to agitation, twitching, rapid heartbeat, and nausea, affecting sleep quality.
Sleep Deprivation
- A false statement regarding sleep deprivation is the claim that it often results in ADHD symptoms.
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Description
Test your knowledge on biological rhythms, particularly circadian rhythms, and various sleep disorders. This quiz covers key concepts such as dream analysis and the effects of substance dependence on sleep. Dive into the science of sleep and its related phenomena.
