53 Questions
What is the relationship between the body and spirit according to Descartes?
The body works like a machine with material properties, while the spirit is nonmaterial and does not follow the laws of nature
What is the pineal gland believed to be according to Descartes?
The seat of the soul
In Descartes' dualism, what is the interaction between theology and physics?
The belief that psychological and biological processes are separate phenomena
Which lobe of the cerebral cortex is primarily associated with processing visual information?
Occipital lobe
In stages of neural development, what does 'proliferation' refer to?
Rapid production of new cells
What is the term for the process of selective cell death and synapse elimination?
Apoptosis
Which term describes the period of overproduction followed by synapse pruning/elimination?
Synaptogenesis
In genetic terms, what does 'genotype' refer to?
What is in your DNA
What is the term for the ability of the brain to change?
Neuroplasticity
What is the process that covers neurons with myelin for faster transmission?
Myelination
What does puberty encompass?
Physical and psychological changes
What is the impact of the hormone cascade during puberty?
Hormone cascade leads to brain changes
Why does the age of onset of puberty vary?
Nutrition, stress, and weight gain can affect the age of onset of puberty
What continues to develop until late adolescence/early adulthood?
Emotional centers of the brain
What psychological traits are associated with late maturing boys?
More anxious, eager, attention seeking
What is the cephalocaudal pattern of motor development?
Development from head control to walking
In the context of motor development, what is the nature of the unfolding of a genetically programmed sequence of events?
Nature
Why does the stepping reflex 'disappear' a few weeks after birth, only to return a few months later?
As they get older, infants carry more weight on their legs
What did the experiment examining infants' stepping reflex reveal?
Heavier infants stepped less than lighter infants
In the context of motor development, what did the discussion about the rate of stepping being limited by muscle strength suggest?
Physical growth can significantly affect the phenotypes of infants
How might a parent's phenotype impact a child's phenotype?
By influencing the child's behavior and experiences, which in turn can affect gene expression in the child
What is the primary reason for examining changes in a boy's height at yearly intervals from birth to 18 years?
To observe continuous and gradual growth patterns
In the context of brain development, what is the significance of less synaptic pruning in a 10-year-old compared to a 17-year-old?
The 10-year-old will have denser neurons in the frontal lobe
What might be the consequence of significant synaptic pruning in an adolescent's brain?
Enhanced neural plasticity and adaptability
In what way can activity vs passivity influence language development?
Both activity and passivity lead to similar developmental outcomes in language acquisition
How can Jessica quickly deduce which brain belongs to the 10-year-old and which brain belongs to the 17-year-old?
By examining the density of neurons in the temporal lobe
Why might cohort comparison be more suitable than cross-sectional comparison for studying certain developmental aspects?
Cohort comparison provides insights into age-related changes over time, while cross-sectional comparison does not
What is the difference between continuous and discontinuous development?
Continuous development occurs smoothly and gradually, while discontinuous development occurs in distinct stages.
Which lobe of the cerebral cortex is primarily associated with language comprehension?
Temporal lobe
During which step of neurogenesis/synaptic pruning do neurons migrate to destinations based on chemical programming to find 'friends'?
Migrate and aggregate
What type of information is primarily processed in the occipital lobe of the cerebral cortex?
Visual information
In which part of the brain does synaptic density decrease as time goes on until adolescence?
Prefrontal cortex
What occurs during synaptogenesis in the context of neural development?
Neurons undergo branching out for faster transmission
In the context of motor development, what is the nature of the unfolding of a genetically programmed sequence of events?
Motor development occurs in distinct stages or steps.
What happens to synaptic density in the visual cortex as time goes on?
Synaptic density decreases over time.
What is the last step of neurogenesis and synaptic pruning?
Myelination
According to dynamic systems theory, what does 'internal orchestrator' refer to in the context of development?
Central controlling agent
What does dynamic systems theory propose as the driving force behind development?
Self-organizing components
In dynamic systems theory, what does the interconnected and interdependent nature of development suggest?
Influential interactions among components
How does dynamic systems theory explain individuals' development across contexts and timescales?
Increased variability
What type of interventions does dynamic systems theory suggest considering for development?
Dynamic and context-dependent interventions
According to dynamic systems theory, what example illustrates variability across context and timescales?
'Exposure to diverse linguistic environments' impact on language development
What are the two characteristics associated with John Locke's views on development?
Nature and nurture
What is the main concern of dynamic systems theory regarding development?
The interconnectedness and interdependence of developmental components
Which concept refers to the period when neurons migrate to their destinations based on chemical programming and form connections with other neurons?
Neural migration
What does the experiment involving exposing pregnant monkeys to unpredictable noises demonstrate?
Impact of teratogens during critical periods
In the context of development, which term describes the ability of the brain to change?
Neuroplasticity
What is the primary focus of the prenatal period in terms of sensory development?
Development of senses
Which process is characterized by overproduction of synapses followed by selective elimination or pruning?
Synaptogenesis
Which theory emphasizes self-efficacy and self-actualization as a process of finding meaning?
Humanistic
Which theory is associated with the idea that an individual human's developmental trajectory exemplifies the evolutionary history of the species?
Evolutionary
Which theory focuses on how humans acquire, store, and manipulate information about the world around them?
Cognitive
Which theory is characterized by the belief that an individual's developmental trajectory reflects the evolutionary history of the species?
Evolutionary
Explore the concept of body and spirit connection in biological processes, as proposed by Descartes. Understand the idea of dualism and how it intertwines theology and physics. Delve into the role of the pineal gland and cerebral cortex in relation to the mind and body.
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