Final Exam Prep Bio 10

The basic unit that makes up a polymer. Example: Glucose is a monomer that forms starch.

A long chain of monomers linked together. Example: Starch is a polymer made of many glucose monomers.

The process where DNA is copied to make two identical DNA molecules. Involves unzipping the DNA, adding complementary bases, and sealing the new strands.

The movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to low concentration. This doesn't require energy.

The movement of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of high water concentration to low concentration. Doesn't require energy.

The movement of molecules across a membrane with the help of transport proteins. Doesn't require energy.

The movement of molecules across a membrane against their concentration gradient. This requires energy.

A solution where the concentration of water is the same inside and outside the cell. No net movement of water.

A solution where the concentration of water is higher outside the cell than inside. Water moves into the cell, causing it to swell.

A solution where the concentration of water is lower outside the cell than inside. Water moves out of the cell, causing it to shrink.

The phase of the cell cycle where the cell grows and increases in size before DNA replication.

The phase of the cell cycle where DNA is replicated, creating two identical copies.

The phase of the cell cycle where the cell prepares for division, making sure everything is ready.

The process of cell division where one cell divides into two identical daughter cells.

The division of the cytoplasm after the nucleus divides, resulting in two separate cells.

Structures made of tightly coiled DNA and proteins, carrying genetic information.

Proteins around which DNA wraps, helping to organize and condense chromosomes.

Changes in the DNA sequence that can occur during cell division, potentially leading to disease.

The production of two identical daughter cells from a single parent cell.

The process of cell division that produces haploid gametes (sex cells) with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell.

A double-stranded molecule that carries genetic information.

A single-stranded molecule involved in protein synthesis.

The process of copying DNA to make another identical DNA molecule.

The process of using DNA to make RNA.

The process of using RNA to make protein.

A segment of DNA that codes for a specific protein.

Functional molecules that carry out various tasks in the body.

The ability of a microscope to distinguish between two closely spaced objects. A higher resolution provides a clearer and more detailed image.

A single unit that can be joined together with other units to form a larger molecule called a polymer. Example: Glucose.

A long chain of many repeating monomer units linked together. Example: Starch is made up of many glucose monomers.

A type of biomolecule (organic compound) containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen often in a 1:2:1 ratio. They provide energy and are important for structure.

A type of biomolecule made up of fatty acids and glycerol. Functions include insulation, energy storage, and forming cell membranes.

A type of biomolecule made up of amino acids. They have diverse functions like enzymes, structural components, and transport.

A type of biomolecule made up of nucleotides (including a sugar, phosphate, and nitrogenous base). They carry genetic information.

The movement of molecules from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration. It doesn't require energy.

The movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane from a region of high water concentration to a region of low water concentration. It doesn't require energy.

The process where a cell maintains a stable internal environment despite changes in the external environment. For example, regulating body temperature or blood sugar levels.