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Questions and Answers
Which of the following is a type of carbohydrate?
Which of the following is a type of carbohydrate?
Proteins are a category of biological molecules that do not contain carbon.
Proteins are a category of biological molecules that do not contain carbon.
False
What is the basic unit of triglycerides?
What is the basic unit of triglycerides?
Glycerol
When two glucose molecules join together, they form _____
When two glucose molecules join together, they form _____
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Match the following types of biological molecules with their characteristics:
Match the following types of biological molecules with their characteristics:
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Which of the following statements about lipids is true?
Which of the following statements about lipids is true?
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Starch, glycogen, and cellulose are polysaccharides made from glucose.
Starch, glycogen, and cellulose are polysaccharides made from glucose.
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Lipids are divided into fats and _____ based on their state at room temperature.
Lipids are divided into fats and _____ based on their state at room temperature.
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What is the main component that makes up proteins?
What is the main component that makes up proteins?
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There are only 5 different amino acids that are used to form proteins.
There are only 5 different amino acids that are used to form proteins.
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What color change indicates a positive test for glucose when using Benedict's solution?
What color change indicates a positive test for glucose when using Benedict's solution?
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Amino acids join together to form __________.
Amino acids join together to form __________.
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Match the following terms with their correct descriptions:
Match the following terms with their correct descriptions:
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What happens if even a small change occurs in the order of amino acids?
What happens if even a small change occurs in the order of amino acids?
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Benedict's test requires the sample solution to be heated to 80-90 °C.
Benedict's test requires the sample solution to be heated to 80-90 °C.
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What is the general structure of an amino acid?
What is the general structure of an amino acid?
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What color change indicates a positive test for starch using iodine?
What color change indicates a positive test for starch using iodine?
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What is the outgoing color of the DCPIP solution when a positive test for vitamin C occurs?
What is the outgoing color of the DCPIP solution when a positive test for vitamin C occurs?
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The Biuret test for protein shows a color change from blue to violet.
The Biuret test for protein shows a color change from blue to violet.
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DNA is a molecule that contains the instructions for growth and development in some organisms only.
DNA is a molecule that contains the instructions for growth and development in some organisms only.
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What solution is used to test for the presence of lipids in a food sample?
What solution is used to test for the presence of lipids in a food sample?
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What are the individual units of DNA called?
What are the individual units of DNA called?
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A positive test for protein will show a color change from blue to ______.
A positive test for protein will show a color change from blue to ______.
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The structure of DNA is commonly described as a ______ helix.
The structure of DNA is commonly described as a ______ helix.
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Match the food test with its corresponding positive result:
Match the food test with its corresponding positive result:
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What is the first step in the iodine test for starch?
What is the first step in the iodine test for starch?
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Match the following food tests with their respective substances being tested:
Match the following food tests with their respective substances being tested:
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To test for proteins, you should mix the food sample with water and look for a pink color change.
To test for proteins, you should mix the food sample with water and look for a pink color change.
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How many strands does a DNA molecule consist of?
How many strands does a DNA molecule consist of?
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The ethanol test is used to identify the presence of proteins in food samples.
The ethanol test is used to identify the presence of proteins in food samples.
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What happens when a positive test for lipids is obtained?
What happens when a positive test for lipids is obtained?
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What should you include when describing food tests in exam answers?
What should you include when describing food tests in exam answers?
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Which of the following statements about nucleotides is true?
Which of the following statements about nucleotides is true?
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Adenine pairs with Cytosine in DNA.
Adenine pairs with Cytosine in DNA.
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What holds the two strands of DNA in a double helix together?
What holds the two strands of DNA in a double helix together?
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The components that form the backbone of a DNA strand are phosphate and __________.
The components that form the backbone of a DNA strand are phosphate and __________.
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Match the DNA base with its complementary pair:
Match the DNA base with its complementary pair:
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What role do the base pairs in DNA primarily serve?
What role do the base pairs in DNA primarily serve?
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Nucleotides are composed of a phosphate group, a sugar, and an amino acid.
Nucleotides are composed of a phosphate group, a sugar, and an amino acid.
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What structure do the phosphate and sugar components of nucleotides resemble?
What structure do the phosphate and sugar components of nucleotides resemble?
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Study Notes
Biological Molecules
- Biological molecules are the building blocks of life, and most of these fall into three categories: Carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids.
- These categories all contain carbon, which makes them organic molecules.
Chemicals & Life
- Most molecules in living organisms are categorized as carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids.
- These molecules all contain carbon.
Chemical Elements Table
- Carbohydrates: Contain carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen.
- Proteins: Contain carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen; some may also contain sulfur.
- Lipids: Contain carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen.
Large Molecules are Made from Smaller Molecules
- Carbohydrates: Long chains of simple sugars (monosaccharides).
- Glucose is a simple sugar (monosaccharide).
- Two glucose molecules combine to form maltose (disaccharide).
- Multiple glucose molecules combine to form starch, glycogen, or cellulose (polysaccharides).
Fats
- Most fats in the body are triglycerides.
- Triglycerides consist of one glycerol molecule bonded to three fatty acid chains.
- Fatty acids vary in size and structure
- Lipids are categorized into fats (solid at room temp) and oils (liquid at room temp).
Proteins
- Proteins are long chains of amino acids.
- There are approximately 20 different amino acids.
- Amino acids have similar basic structures, but differ in their 'R' group.
- Amino acids combine to form proteins.
- The order of amino acids determines the protein's structure and function.
Food Tests
Food Test for Glucose (Reducing Sugar)
- Materials: Benedict's solution, test tube, water bath, food sample
- Procedure: Add Benedict's solution to the food sample in a test tube and heat in a water bath (60-70°C). Observe color changes, positive result shows color change from blue to orange/brick red.
Food Test for Starch
- Materials: Iodine solution, test tube, food sample
- Procedure: Add iodine solution to the food sample, observe color changes. Positive result shows orange-brown changing to blue/black.
Food Test for Protein
- Materials: Biuret solution, test tube, food sample
- Procedure: Add Biuret solution to the food sample in a test tube, observe color changes. Positive result shows a colour change from blue to violet/purple.
Food Test for Lipids
- Materials: Ethanol, water, test tube, food sample.
- Procedure: Mix the food sample with ethanol and shake. Add an equal volume of water. Observe changes in the solution. A positive test shows a cloudy emulsion forming
Food Test for Vitamin C
- Materials: DCPIP solution, test tube, food sample, distilled water
- Procedure: Add DCPIP solution to a test tube with a food sample solution. A positive test shows the blue dye turning colorless.
DNA Structure
- DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) contains the instructions for growth and development in all organisms.
- DNA is a double helix, consisting of two strands wound around each other.
- DNA is made up of nucleotides.
- Nucleotides each consist of a phosphate, deoxyribose sugar, and a base.
- The four bases are adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and thymine (T).
- Adenine always pairs with thymine, and cytosine with guanine.
- These connected bases form the "rungs" of the DNA ladder.
- The phosphate and sugar form the "sides" of the ladder.
- The sequence of bases in DNA determines the order of amino acids in proteins.
- Chromosomes are long strands of DNA wrapped around proteins.
- The nucleus of a cell contains chromosomes.
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Description
Test your knowledge on biological molecules including carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins. This quiz covers their structures, functions, and properties, such as glucose tests and the formation of macromolecules. Dive in to strengthen your understanding of essential biomolecules!
