Podcast
Questions and Answers
Why is carbon referred to as the 'building block of life'?
Why is carbon referred to as the 'building block of life'?
- It can form a maximum of two covalent bonds with other atoms.
- It is the primary component of water, essential for all life forms.
- It forms the fundamental structures of living organisms and performs many of life’s functions. (correct)
- It's an inorganic compound that regulates organism weight.
What characteristic of carbon allows for the formation of diverse chemical combinations and branching configurations in macromolecules?
What characteristic of carbon allows for the formation of diverse chemical combinations and branching configurations in macromolecules?
- Its versatility in forming up to four covalent bonds. (correct)
- Its insolubility in water, preventing bond disruption.
- Its ability to form a maximum of two ionic bonds.
- Its limited capacity to bond with only a few other elements.
A researcher is studying a newly discovered organic molecule. What characteristic would classify this molecule as organic?
A researcher is studying a newly discovered organic molecule. What characteristic would classify this molecule as organic?
- It is very small in size.
- It contains carbon atoms. (correct)
- It is primarily composed of nitrogen.
- It dissolves easily in water.
Which of the following best describes the relationship between monomers and polymers?
Which of the following best describes the relationship between monomers and polymers?
A scientist is trying to break down a polymer into its constituent monomers. Which process would they use?
A scientist is trying to break down a polymer into its constituent monomers. Which process would they use?
During the synthesis of a protein, amino acids are joined together to form a polypeptide chain. What type of reaction is involved in this process?
During the synthesis of a protein, amino acids are joined together to form a polypeptide chain. What type of reaction is involved in this process?
Which of the following statements accurately describes the role of water in the context of biological molecules?
Which of the following statements accurately describes the role of water in the context of biological molecules?
If a macromolecule is found to be composed of a long chain of repeating sugar molecules, how would it be classified?
If a macromolecule is found to be composed of a long chain of repeating sugar molecules, how would it be classified?
A researcher identifies a molecule that is largely nonpolar and hydrophobic. Which class of biological molecules does it likely belong to?
A researcher identifies a molecule that is largely nonpolar and hydrophobic. Which class of biological molecules does it likely belong to?
Which class of biological molecules is primarily responsible for storing and transmitting genetic information?
Which class of biological molecules is primarily responsible for storing and transmitting genetic information?
How do carbon skeletons contribute to the diversity of organic molecules?
How do carbon skeletons contribute to the diversity of organic molecules?
If a protein's function is disrupted by a change in its shape, what might have caused this change at the molecular level?
If a protein's function is disrupted by a change in its shape, what might have caused this change at the molecular level?
Compared to inorganic compounds, what is a defining characteristic of organic molecules?
Compared to inorganic compounds, what is a defining characteristic of organic molecules?
A cell needs to assemble a complex carbohydrate from many simple sugar molecules. Which process will it use?
A cell needs to assemble a complex carbohydrate from many simple sugar molecules. Which process will it use?
If you analyze a sample and find it contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur, which class of biological molecules is most likely present?
If you analyze a sample and find it contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur, which class of biological molecules is most likely present?
Flashcards
Water in Living Organisms
Water in Living Organisms
Water is the main inorganic compound in living organisms. After water evaporates, the dry weight is molecules containing carbon atoms.
Why is Carbon Important?
Why is Carbon Important?
This is often called the 'building block of life' because it forms the structures of living things and carries out life's functions.
Organic Compounds
Organic Compounds
These are molecules that contain carbon.
Macromolecules
Macromolecules
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Carbon's bonding versatility.
Carbon's bonding versatility.
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Carbon skeleton
Carbon skeleton
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Subunits
Subunits
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Monomer
Monomer
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Polymers
Polymers
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Polymer
Polymer
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Dehydration reaction
Dehydration reaction
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Hydrolysis reaction
Hydrolysis reaction
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Four types of organic compounds
Four types of organic compounds
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Study Notes
- Biological molecules are essential for life
- Study notes prepared by Vina Jane Candidato
Introduction
- Water is the main inorganic compound in living organisms
- After water evaporation living organisms consist of molecules containing carbon atoms
- Carbon is the building block of life, forming the structures of living things and carrying out essential functions
Organic Compounds
- Carbon-containing molecules are organic compounds
- Organic molecules are macromolecules because of their large size compared to inorganic compounds
- Carbon can form up to four covalent bonds with other atoms, allowing diverse chemical combinations and branching
- A carbon skeleton is a chain of carbon atoms
Molecular Diversity
- Carbon skeletons can vary in length, branching, double bond position, and arrangement in rings
Monomers and Polymers
- Carbon-based molecules are often the result of smaller molecules called subunits, which are linked together in a chain
- Each subunit of a complex molecule is a monomer
- When monomers link together, they form complex molecules called polymers
- Polymer is a macromolecule consisting of a series of monomers bonded together
- Monomers in a polymer are usually the same, as in carbohydrates, but can be different in proteins
Dehydration and Hydrolysis
- Connecting monomers to form polymers occurs through dehydration reaction, which removes water
- Polymers are disassembled by the addition of water in hydrolysis reaction
Types of Organic Compounds
- There are four types of organic compounds found in any biological system: proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids
- Organic compounds are complex molecules made of oxygen and hydrogen, in addition to carbon
- Monomers: sugars, amino acids, fatty acids, and nucleotides
- Polymers: carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids
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