Biological Microchimerism in Humans
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Questions and Answers

What is a key characteristic associated with Victorian sexuality?

  • Sexual repression (correct)
  • Sexual liberation
  • Sexual exploration
  • Sexual revolution

How was sex generally viewed during the Victorian era?

  • It was widely celebrated
  • It was encouraged among all classes
  • It was openly discussed
  • It was avoided in proper society (correct)

What was the common perception of women's experiences regarding sexual pleasure during the Victorian era?

  • Women were assumed to experience sexual pleasure
  • Women were assumed to have sexual freedom
  • Women were assumed to have no experiences of sexual pleasure (correct)
  • Women were assumed to be interested in sex

Which term best describes how sex was handled in proper society during the Victorian era?

<p>Taboo (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'repression' mainly refer to in the context of Victorian sexuality?

<p>Unconscious control of desires (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of Reverend Sylvester Graham's Graham wafers?

<p>To reduce sexual desire (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What analogy is used to differentiate between sex and gender?

<p>Coat hanger and clothes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which color is specifically mentioned as historically being considered a female color?

<p>Pink (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What major development in the 1960s revolution significantly impacted human sexuality?

<p>Legalization of birth control for women (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term is used to describe individuals born with a combination of male and female sexual characteristics?

<p>Intersex (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What impact did the first AIDS diagnosis in the US in 1981 have on perceptions of recreational sex?

<p>Increased caution and concerns (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How have gender stereotypes been enforced in relation to toy selection at stores like Toys R Us?

<p>By selling pink toys exclusively for girls (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What movement began as a reaction to the repression of the swinging sixties in the 1980s and 1990s?

<p>Abstinence-only education (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the traditional medical response when a baby is born intersex?

<p>Surgical and hormonal intervention based on the child's gender assignment (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why were men advised to minimize ejaculations according to Reverend Sylvester Graham?

<p>It was believed to drain vital fluids (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do intersex individuals often feel isolated and alone according to the text?

<p>As a result of societal fixation on a binary concept of male and female (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Lady Hollington's attitude towards her husband's visits to her bedchamber suggest about her views on sexuality?

<p>Disinterest in sex (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What major influence on human sexuality arose during the 1960s due to the availability of birth control?

<p>Experiments with mate swapping (swinging) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What impact did the first case of AIDS diagnosis in the US have on societal attitudes towards recreational sex?

<p>Both A and B (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do gender norms refer to in a sociological context?

<p>Social norms based on one's sex (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of college students have never participated in hookups?

<p>25% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between sex and gender according to the text?

<p>Sex is biological while gender is based on social norms (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which era of freedom does the text identify as a period advocating for sexual liberation?

<p>Revolutionary era (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is polyamory defined as in the text?

<p>Belief in open and honest relationships with multiple partners (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of hookups occur after consuming alcohol according to the survey mentioned in the text?

<p>50% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are individuals striving for in terms of sexuality when they advocate for 'freedom for choice' according to the text?

<p>Freedom from pressure to conform to societal norms regarding sexuality (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What concept did Dr. Dennis Hiebert develop to describe using moral and legal codes to suppress LGBTQ people's dignity and liberty?

<p>Homopression (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context discussed, what does homopression involve?

<p>Oppressing LGBTQ dignity and liberty (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does homopression differ from a hate crime?

<p>It is a form of oppression regardless of fear (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does setting up a social structure that marginalizes the LGBTQ+ community represent?

<p>A form of homo oppression (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is homopression related to the use of moral and legal codes?

<p>It suppresses LGBTQ expression and liberty (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the population is estimated to be intersex?

<p>2-4% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the WNT4 gene according to the text?

<p>Promotes ovarian development (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can happen if an individual with XY chromosomes has extra copies of the WNT4 gene?

<p>They will have both ovarian and testicular development (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which journal published the article that discusses the newly found genes related to sex determination according to the text?

<p>Nature (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is microchimaerism, as mentioned in the text?

<p>A process that involves stem cells crossing the placenta between a mother and fetus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which gene can cause a female with XX chromosomes to have both ovarian and testicular development?

<p>RSPO1 gene (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the text reveal about individuals with mild gene differences?

<p>They may have male-like facial hair or irregular periods (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the role of the RSPO1 gene?

<p>Causes both ovarian and testicular development in females with XX chromosomes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What new understanding of sex determination do the newly found genes provide, according to the text?

<p>The balance between opposing networks of gene activity influences sex determination (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of WNT4 and RSPO1 genes mentioned in the text?

<p>They are crucial in moving away from the binary concept of male and female (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Clare Ainsworth in the text, how are most individuals described biologically?

<p>As a combination of genetically distinct cells that may not all match each other (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do the Canadian LGBTQ+ statistics reveal about demographics according to the text?

<p>Over half of the LGBTQ+ community in Canada aged 15 and older are bisexual (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of hate crimes targeting sexual orientation were violent in Canada, as mentioned in the text?

<p>53% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does homophobia refer to based on the text?

<p>Irrational fear of homosexuality (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'violent crimes' primarily refer to?

<p>Crimes involving physical harm or force (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What concept has become less scientifically defensible according to the text?

<p>Gender as a binary concept (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one implication of acknowledging sexuality as a spectrum according to the text?

<p>'Spectrum' highlighting the diversity and fluidity of sexual identities (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the text describe the connection between physiological arousal and emotions in human sexuality?

<p>It is learned and situationally defined (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the text suggest situational factors influence human sexuality?

<p>By defining the situation that shapes individuals' responses (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the text suggest about the cultural perception of attractiveness?

<p>Cultural context heavily influences what is considered attractive. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of sexuality, what does the text imply about arousal?

<p>Appropriateness of arousal is culturally defined. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the text describe the role of sexual scripts?

<p>Sexual scripts vary greatly across cultures. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of clothing does the text use as an example to illustrate cultural norms?

<p>Wearing bikinis in public (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the perception of beauty differ historically?

<p>Beauty standards have varied across different historical eras. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the text suggest about the relationship between cultural context and sexual attractiveness?

<p>Cultural context heavily shapes perceptions of sexual attractiveness. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the text describe the impact of culture on defining beauty standards?

<p>Beauty standards are relative to cultural contexts. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the text imply about the malleability of beauty ideals?

<p>'Beauty' ideals evolve according to cultural influences and historical periods. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Wendy Maltz's Maltz hierarchy begin with in terms of sexual energy?

<p>Ground zero as the neutral area (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of level two in the Maltz hierarchy?

<p>Mutuality of pleasure and pleasuring the other (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Wendy Maltz's hierarchy used to explore in the context of sexuality?

<p>Content and meaning of sexuality (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does level three of the Maltz hierarchy involve according to the text?

<p>Deeper emotional openness and trust (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does pornography impact individuals' ability to engage in real-life sexual relationships?

<p>Shifts focus from feeling to appearance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which level of the Maltz hierarchy is sex understood as a cultural or religious duty?

<p>Positive role fulfillment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which level of the Maltz hierarchy emphasizes deeper communication and mutual pleasure?

<p>'Authentic sexual intimacy' (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Acting out of the basic sex drive in ways that are not harming but positively fulfilling' best describes which level in the Maltz hierarchy?

<p>'Positive role fulfillment' (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Pornography consumption, particularly when it becomes addictive, becomes a form of sexual self-harm because it interferes profoundly with your ability to engage in a real life, healthy sexual relationship.' - This statement implies that pornography addiction can lead to:

<p>'Violent interaction' (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cultural group historically considered it hospitable for a man to offer his wife for sexual relations with visitors?

<p>Inuit people (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the dominant script, as described in the text, suggest about traditional gender roles in terms of desire?

<p>Men are desired as subjects and women as objects. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way does pornography differ from real life sex according to the text?

<p>Pornography lacks elements like consent, STIs, and pregnancy. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the text mention about how some cultures view different body parts in terms of sexual attractiveness?

<p>'Hair being highly sexualized in certain cultures' (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which form of pornography is currently the most downloaded, according to the text?

<p>'Violent porn depicting aggression' (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the text reveal about how kissing is viewed cross-culturally?

<p>'Kissing can be extremely gross in some cultures' (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What traditional practice is highlighted in the text regarding conceiving children if a wife couldn't conceive?

<p>'Offering the handmaid for surrogacy' (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What common misconception is illustrated in the text regarding how men and women are perceived based on sexual activity levels?

<p>Women are judged more harshly for sexual activity compared to men. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do consumers of porn seek out more aggressive forms with violence and humiliation according to the text?

<p>To experience a higher level of sexual arousal (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does porn consumption affect males' perception of their real-life partners' attractiveness levels?

<p>It lowers their partners' attractiveness levels (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What negative impact does porn consumption have on relationships, particularly in terms of sexual activity?

<p>It promotes unhealthy and demanding sexual activity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main concern raised about the impact of porn on women according to the text?

<p>Women are being objectified and turned into sexual playthings (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does porn impact individuals in terms of their focus during real-life sexual encounters?

<p>It causes individuals to focus on meeting unrealistic pornographic expectations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of human sexual relationships, what characterizes level one in the negative direction?

<p>Impersonal interaction and lack of respect for the self or the other (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Matt Fraud suggest happens when brain maps linking sexual excitement to porn are continually strengthened?

<p>Maps linking sexual excitement to porn enlarge (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes level two abusive interaction in human sexual relationships?

<p>Using sex as a form of power, such as pressuring the partner (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does porn consumption impact individuals' self-image during real-life sexual experiences?

<p>'Spectatoring' leads individuals to focus on meeting pornographic standards (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of violent interaction within partnered relationships?

<p>Physical harm and pain inflicted as part of the sexual act (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of degrading communication mentioned in the text that can occur during sexual acts?

<p>Saying mean things intended to humiliate about sexuality or appearance (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does level one in the negative direction differ from level two abusive interaction in human sexual relationships?

<p>Level one disregards consequences like pregnancy while level two uses sex as a bargaining tool (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What negative impact does porn have on women's self-perception according to the text?

<p>It can lead to a chronic preoccupation with physical appearance derived from porn scripts (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes violent interaction from level two abusive interaction in human sexual relationships?

<p>Inflicting physical harm and pain as part of the sexual act (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main concern raised about male behavior towards sexuality due to excessive porn consumption?

<p>It leads to unrealistic expectations and demands from partners influenced by porn (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of level one positive role fulfillment sex in human relationships?

<p>Emotional closeness and deeper sense of wholeness (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Dominating the other person' for satisfaction falls under which category of sexual interaction described in the text?

<p>'Abusive interaction' using sex as power (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Inflicting pain and humiliation' during sexual acts is typical of which level of human sexual interaction according to the text?

<p>'Level three violent interaction' (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Saying mean things that humiliate' about a partner's sexuality is an example of what kind of behavior mentioned in the text?

<p>'Degrading communication' during sexual acts (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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