Biological Microchimerism in Humans
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Questions and Answers

What is a key characteristic associated with Victorian sexuality?

  • Sexual repression (correct)
  • Sexual liberation
  • Sexual exploration
  • Sexual revolution
  • How was sex generally viewed during the Victorian era?

  • It was widely celebrated
  • It was encouraged among all classes
  • It was openly discussed
  • It was avoided in proper society (correct)
  • What was the common perception of women's experiences regarding sexual pleasure during the Victorian era?

  • Women were assumed to experience sexual pleasure
  • Women were assumed to have sexual freedom
  • Women were assumed to have no experiences of sexual pleasure (correct)
  • Women were assumed to be interested in sex
  • Which term best describes how sex was handled in proper society during the Victorian era?

    <p>Taboo</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'repression' mainly refer to in the context of Victorian sexuality?

    <p>Unconscious control of desires</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the purpose of Reverend Sylvester Graham's Graham wafers?

    <p>To reduce sexual desire</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What analogy is used to differentiate between sex and gender?

    <p>Coat hanger and clothes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which color is specifically mentioned as historically being considered a female color?

    <p>Pink</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What major development in the 1960s revolution significantly impacted human sexuality?

    <p>Legalization of birth control for women</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term is used to describe individuals born with a combination of male and female sexual characteristics?

    <p>Intersex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impact did the first AIDS diagnosis in the US in 1981 have on perceptions of recreational sex?

    <p>Increased caution and concerns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How have gender stereotypes been enforced in relation to toy selection at stores like Toys R Us?

    <p>By selling pink toys exclusively for girls</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What movement began as a reaction to the repression of the swinging sixties in the 1980s and 1990s?

    <p>Abstinence-only education</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the traditional medical response when a baby is born intersex?

    <p>Surgical and hormonal intervention based on the child's gender assignment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why were men advised to minimize ejaculations according to Reverend Sylvester Graham?

    <p>It was believed to drain vital fluids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do intersex individuals often feel isolated and alone according to the text?

    <p>As a result of societal fixation on a binary concept of male and female</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Lady Hollington's attitude towards her husband's visits to her bedchamber suggest about her views on sexuality?

    <p>Disinterest in sex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What major influence on human sexuality arose during the 1960s due to the availability of birth control?

    <p>Experiments with mate swapping (swinging)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impact did the first case of AIDS diagnosis in the US have on societal attitudes towards recreational sex?

    <p>Both A and B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do gender norms refer to in a sociological context?

    <p>Social norms based on one's sex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of college students have never participated in hookups?

    <p>25%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between sex and gender according to the text?

    <p>Sex is biological while gender is based on social norms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which era of freedom does the text identify as a period advocating for sexual liberation?

    <p>Revolutionary era</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is polyamory defined as in the text?

    <p>Belief in open and honest relationships with multiple partners</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of hookups occur after consuming alcohol according to the survey mentioned in the text?

    <p>50%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are individuals striving for in terms of sexuality when they advocate for 'freedom for choice' according to the text?

    <p>Freedom from pressure to conform to societal norms regarding sexuality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concept did Dr. Dennis Hiebert develop to describe using moral and legal codes to suppress LGBTQ people's dignity and liberty?

    <p>Homopression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context discussed, what does homopression involve?

    <p>Oppressing LGBTQ dignity and liberty</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does homopression differ from a hate crime?

    <p>It is a form of oppression regardless of fear</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does setting up a social structure that marginalizes the LGBTQ+ community represent?

    <p>A form of homo oppression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is homopression related to the use of moral and legal codes?

    <p>It suppresses LGBTQ expression and liberty</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of the population is estimated to be intersex?

    <p>2-4%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the WNT4 gene according to the text?

    <p>Promotes ovarian development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can happen if an individual with XY chromosomes has extra copies of the WNT4 gene?

    <p>They will have both ovarian and testicular development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which journal published the article that discusses the newly found genes related to sex determination according to the text?

    <p>Nature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is microchimaerism, as mentioned in the text?

    <p>A process that involves stem cells crossing the placenta between a mother and fetus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gene can cause a female with XX chromosomes to have both ovarian and testicular development?

    <p>RSPO1 gene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the text reveal about individuals with mild gene differences?

    <p>They may have male-like facial hair or irregular periods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes the role of the RSPO1 gene?

    <p>Causes both ovarian and testicular development in females with XX chromosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What new understanding of sex determination do the newly found genes provide, according to the text?

    <p>The balance between opposing networks of gene activity influences sex determination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of WNT4 and RSPO1 genes mentioned in the text?

    <p>They are crucial in moving away from the binary concept of male and female</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Clare Ainsworth in the text, how are most individuals described biologically?

    <p>As a combination of genetically distinct cells that may not all match each other</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do the Canadian LGBTQ+ statistics reveal about demographics according to the text?

    <p>Over half of the LGBTQ+ community in Canada aged 15 and older are bisexual</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of hate crimes targeting sexual orientation were violent in Canada, as mentioned in the text?

    <p>53%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does homophobia refer to based on the text?

    <p>Irrational fear of homosexuality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'violent crimes' primarily refer to?

    <p>Crimes involving physical harm or force</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concept has become less scientifically defensible according to the text?

    <p>Gender as a binary concept</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one implication of acknowledging sexuality as a spectrum according to the text?

    <p>'Spectrum' highlighting the diversity and fluidity of sexual identities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the text describe the connection between physiological arousal and emotions in human sexuality?

    <p>It is learned and situationally defined</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the text suggest situational factors influence human sexuality?

    <p>By defining the situation that shapes individuals' responses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the text suggest about the cultural perception of attractiveness?

    <p>Cultural context heavily influences what is considered attractive.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of sexuality, what does the text imply about arousal?

    <p>Appropriateness of arousal is culturally defined.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the text describe the role of sexual scripts?

    <p>Sexual scripts vary greatly across cultures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of clothing does the text use as an example to illustrate cultural norms?

    <p>Wearing bikinis in public</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the perception of beauty differ historically?

    <p>Beauty standards have varied across different historical eras.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the text suggest about the relationship between cultural context and sexual attractiveness?

    <p>Cultural context heavily shapes perceptions of sexual attractiveness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the text describe the impact of culture on defining beauty standards?

    <p>Beauty standards are relative to cultural contexts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the text imply about the malleability of beauty ideals?

    <p>'Beauty' ideals evolve according to cultural influences and historical periods.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Wendy Maltz's Maltz hierarchy begin with in terms of sexual energy?

    <p>Ground zero as the neutral area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of level two in the Maltz hierarchy?

    <p>Mutuality of pleasure and pleasuring the other</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Wendy Maltz's hierarchy used to explore in the context of sexuality?

    <p>Content and meaning of sexuality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does level three of the Maltz hierarchy involve according to the text?

    <p>Deeper emotional openness and trust</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does pornography impact individuals' ability to engage in real-life sexual relationships?

    <p>Shifts focus from feeling to appearance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which level of the Maltz hierarchy is sex understood as a cultural or religious duty?

    <p>Positive role fulfillment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which level of the Maltz hierarchy emphasizes deeper communication and mutual pleasure?

    <p>'Authentic sexual intimacy'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Acting out of the basic sex drive in ways that are not harming but positively fulfilling' best describes which level in the Maltz hierarchy?

    <p>'Positive role fulfillment'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Pornography consumption, particularly when it becomes addictive, becomes a form of sexual self-harm because it interferes profoundly with your ability to engage in a real life, healthy sexual relationship.' - This statement implies that pornography addiction can lead to:

    <p>'Violent interaction'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cultural group historically considered it hospitable for a man to offer his wife for sexual relations with visitors?

    <p>Inuit people</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the dominant script, as described in the text, suggest about traditional gender roles in terms of desire?

    <p>Men are desired as subjects and women as objects.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way does pornography differ from real life sex according to the text?

    <p>Pornography lacks elements like consent, STIs, and pregnancy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the text mention about how some cultures view different body parts in terms of sexual attractiveness?

    <p>'Hair being highly sexualized in certain cultures'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which form of pornography is currently the most downloaded, according to the text?

    <p>'Violent porn depicting aggression'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the text reveal about how kissing is viewed cross-culturally?

    <p>'Kissing can be extremely gross in some cultures'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What traditional practice is highlighted in the text regarding conceiving children if a wife couldn't conceive?

    <p>'Offering the handmaid for surrogacy'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What common misconception is illustrated in the text regarding how men and women are perceived based on sexual activity levels?

    <p>Women are judged more harshly for sexual activity compared to men.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do consumers of porn seek out more aggressive forms with violence and humiliation according to the text?

    <p>To experience a higher level of sexual arousal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does porn consumption affect males' perception of their real-life partners' attractiveness levels?

    <p>It lowers their partners' attractiveness levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What negative impact does porn consumption have on relationships, particularly in terms of sexual activity?

    <p>It promotes unhealthy and demanding sexual activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main concern raised about the impact of porn on women according to the text?

    <p>Women are being objectified and turned into sexual playthings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does porn impact individuals in terms of their focus during real-life sexual encounters?

    <p>It causes individuals to focus on meeting unrealistic pornographic expectations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of human sexual relationships, what characterizes level one in the negative direction?

    <p>Impersonal interaction and lack of respect for the self or the other</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Matt Fraud suggest happens when brain maps linking sexual excitement to porn are continually strengthened?

    <p>Maps linking sexual excitement to porn enlarge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes level two abusive interaction in human sexual relationships?

    <p>Using sex as a form of power, such as pressuring the partner</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does porn consumption impact individuals' self-image during real-life sexual experiences?

    <p>'Spectatoring' leads individuals to focus on meeting pornographic standards</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of violent interaction within partnered relationships?

    <p>Physical harm and pain inflicted as part of the sexual act</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of degrading communication mentioned in the text that can occur during sexual acts?

    <p>Saying mean things intended to humiliate about sexuality or appearance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does level one in the negative direction differ from level two abusive interaction in human sexual relationships?

    <p>Level one disregards consequences like pregnancy while level two uses sex as a bargaining tool</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What negative impact does porn have on women's self-perception according to the text?

    <p>It can lead to a chronic preoccupation with physical appearance derived from porn scripts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes violent interaction from level two abusive interaction in human sexual relationships?

    <p>Inflicting physical harm and pain as part of the sexual act</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main concern raised about male behavior towards sexuality due to excessive porn consumption?

    <p>It leads to unrealistic expectations and demands from partners influenced by porn</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of level one positive role fulfillment sex in human relationships?

    <p>Emotional closeness and deeper sense of wholeness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Dominating the other person' for satisfaction falls under which category of sexual interaction described in the text?

    <p>'Abusive interaction' using sex as power</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Inflicting pain and humiliation' during sexual acts is typical of which level of human sexual interaction according to the text?

    <p>'Level three violent interaction'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Saying mean things that humiliate' about a partner's sexuality is an example of what kind of behavior mentioned in the text?

    <p>'Degrading communication' during sexual acts</p> Signup and view all the answers

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