40 Questions
What is the main energy demand in a neuron that relates to maintaining the electrical equilibrium of the cell membrane?
Sodium-potassium ATP pump activity
Which organelle in a neuron is responsible for the degradation of proteins and other organelles when faulty?
Lysosomes
What is the unique feature of neurons mentioned in the text that relates to their highly specialized function?
High energy demand
Which organelle in a neuron is known as the 'energy generator of the cell'?
Mitochondria
What is the function of the Golgi apparatus in a neuron?
Additional sorting and processing
Which organelle is primarily responsible for producing, sorting, and processing new proteins in a neuron?
Endoplasmic reticulum
In human brain cells, what percentage of the body's oxygen consumption is used by the brain?
~20%
Which organelle is responsible for maintaining all genetic information in a neuron?
Nucleus
What is the function of lysosomes in a neuron?
Protein degradation
What is the role of the cell membrane in a neuron?
Maintaining electrical equilibrium
Which neurotransmitter is mentioned in the text as being associated with Parkinson's disease?
Dopamine
Which drug mentioned in the text blocks the enzyme responsible for breaking down GABA?
Vigabatrine
In the context of GABA receptors, which drug mentioned in the text is used for investigation rather than clinical application?
Saclofen
Which drug acts on the GABA A receptor and is commonly used as an anesthetic?
Benzodiazepines
What neurotransmitter is primarily associated with schizophrenia based on the information provided in the text?
Dopamine
Which compound is indicated in the text as blocking the GABA transporter?
Tiagabine
What is the rate-limiting enzyme responsible for converting tryptophan to 5-Hydroxytryptophan?
Tryptophan hydroxylase
Where are the cell bodies responsible for serotonin synthesis located?
In one part of the brain
Which transporter is responsible for moving serotonin into vesicles for storage?
VMAT1
What is the neurotransmitter finally converted to in serotonin synthesis?
5-HT
Which other neuropeptides can be co-released along with serotonin during release?
Somatostatin and substance P
Which 5-HT receptor is an example of a ligand-gated ion channel?
5-HT3 receptor
What is the mechanism that physically blocks the pore in the sodium channel during its inactive state?
Ball and chain mechanism
Which type of channels have all three states - open, inactive, and refractory period?
Voltage-gated sodium channels
What happens during number two in the process of voltage-gated sodium channel activation?
Voltage-dependent activation of the gate
What is the significance of voltage-gated potassium channels not having an inactivation phase?
Enhances action potential firing
At which stage is the neuron at its resting membrane potential?
Number one - Resting condition
What initiates the voltage-dependent activation of the gate in a voltage-gated sodium channel?
Incoming electrical stimuli
What environmental factor during brain development has been associated with an increased risk of psychosis in adulthood?
Exposure to social stress during adolescence
Which genetic factor mentioned is highly penetrant and has been associated with schizophrenia?
Deletions of the neurexin-1 gene
What term is used to refer to the number of small mutations in an individual's genome that collectively contribute to the risk of schizophrenia?
Polygenic score
Which type of genetic variants in schizophrenia have small effects but collectively interact to influence the condition?
Polygenic score
What is a common risk factor for psychosis linked to environmental influences during early life?
Exposure to hypoxia in utero
Which factor can be considered as a defining outcome of schizophrenia based on its interaction with genetic risks?
Clinical outcomes
What is the main focus of the subtopic discussed in the lecture transcript?
Impairment of dopamine signaling in the brain
In what way are neurotransmission and neuronal networks connected?
Neurotransmission is crucial for encoding information in neurons
Which neurotransmitter system is primarily implicated in schizophrenia according to the lecture transcript?
Dopamine
What is the role of glutamate in the context of schizophrenia?
It acts as a factor contributing to schizophrenia
Why is it important to understand the fundamentals of neurotransmission to comprehend mental health problems?
To appreciate how information is communicated in the brain
What do defects in neurotransmission imply for mental health disorders?
They are associated with several mental health problems
Explore the overview of CNS development with Professor Sarah Guthrie in this lecture transcript from the topic 'Neural Development'. This quiz covers the changes in size and shape that occur during embryonic development at both systems and cellular levels.
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