28 Questions
What is one way exposure to violence on television can lead to aggression?
By modelling aggressive behavior and its rewards
What effect does exposure to violence in the media have on physiological arousal?
It leads to an increase in heart rate, blood pressure, and skin's conductance of electricity
How can desensitization contribute to reducing reactions to aggression?
By reducing people's psychological and physiological reactions to aggressive images over time
What is one way of reducing aggression according to the text?
Punishing aggressive behavior
"Arousal can energize, or heighten, whatever a person is already feeling." What does this imply?
"Arousal can increase the likelihood a person will act on his/her feelings"
What influence does culture have on aggression according to the text?
Cultural norms and values toward aggression may change over time
In which type of culture is domestic violence higher according to the text?
Collectivistic cultures
What is power-distance according to the text?
Extent to which status and hierarchical relationships are valued in a culture
How do peaceful societies differ from others according to the text?
Intense focus on intergroup cooperation and avoidance of competition
Where are rates of some types of aggression higher within the U.S. according to the text?
In the South compared to those in the Northeast and Midwest
What is the definition of emotional/hostile aggression?
Inflicting harm for its own sake
Which biological factor predicts aggression by suggesting it as an innate, hardwired part of human nature?
Instinct
According to Freud's theory, what is the drive that leads to aggression?
Death wish or drive
What did Lorenz's instinct theory propose as the reason for our innate drive to aggress against others?
Our innate drive to live
Approximately how many children are estimated to experience abuse each year?
1 billion
What percentage of violence against children is perpetrated by parents or caregivers?
84%
What did Niv et al. find regarding highly aggressive children?
They are more likely to be aggressive in later life.
What did biological factors predict regarding aggression?
Its instinctual nature.
What is the potential percentage of the variance in aggression caused by genetic factors?
41%
Why are males generally more aggressive than females?
Presence of testosterone
What does high testosterone lead to?
Increased readiness to react aggressively
According to the Frustration-Aggression Theory, what is displacement?
Redirecting aggression towards certain people
"Relative deprivation" can lead to aggression due to:
"Unfair" comparison with other groups
According to Cognitive-Neoassociation Theory, what can lead to aggression?
Negative affective events
What does Excitation Transfer Theory propose about arousal and aggression?
Arousal can be misattributed as aggression
According to Social Learning Theory, how do children learn aggressive behavior?
By observing or modeling others’ behavior
What does the General Aggression Model suggest about exposure to cues of aggression?
It can trigger aggressive thoughts and feelings
What does the text suggest about the influence of hot temperatures on aggression?
Hot temperatures increase physiological arousal and hostile feelings/thoughts
Explore the definition of aggression and the influence of biological factors such as instinct, evolution, genetics, and hormones on aggressive behavior. Learn about emotional/hostile aggression and instrumental aggression in this chapter on aggression.
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