Biological Differences: Hormones & Nervous System
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Questions and Answers

What is a key focus of the Biological Approach to gender development?

  • Social interactions and influences
  • Learned behaviors from the environment
  • Cognitive processes and decision making
  • Physical biological differences and genetics (correct)
  • Which chromosomes determine the biological sex of an individual?

  • 22nd pair of chromosomes
  • 21st pair of chromosomes
  • 23rd pair of chromosomes (correct)
  • 24th pair of chromosomes
  • What role do androgens play in gender development, according to the biological theory?

  • They influence emotional characteristics
  • They determine prenatal physical development (correct)
  • They affect cognitive behaviors in children
  • They are responsible for learned gender roles
  • What happens in the absence of androgens during fetal development?

    <p>The fetus develops female characteristics (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many different theories of gender development are mentioned in the content?

    <p>Eight (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What syndrome results from excessive prenatal production of androgens in female fetuses?

    <p>Adrenogenital Syndrome (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome in individuals with XY chromosomal structure?

    <p>Insensitivity of androgen receptors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which area of the brain is primarily involved in regulating reproductive behavior?

    <p>Hypothalamus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does prenatal exposure to androgens affect brain organization?

    <p>Influences the development of male and female brain characteristics (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Girls with Adrenogenital Syndrome are more likely to exhibit which type of behavior?

    <p>Tomboy behaviors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key effect of excessive androgen production on female fetuses?

    <p>Development of male-like physical characteristics (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary hormonal deficiency caused by dysfunctional androgen receptors in Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome?

    <p>Reduced testosterone effects (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic queried in the context of gender differences in the nervous system?

    <p>Physical strength (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which region of the hypothalamus is larger in male rats compared to female rats?

    <p>Medial preoptic area (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What cognitive tasks do average men perform better on than average women?

    <p>Spatial tasks (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which side of the brain is typically more developed in women, according to studies?

    <p>Right side, responsible for imagination (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do psychological theories of gender development aim to explain?

    <p>Gender roles and stereotypes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'nurture' refer to in the context of gender development?

    <p>Environmental influences (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following abilities do average women excel in over average men?

    <p>Quick identification of matching items (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can the interaction between nature and nurture be described?

    <p>They are mutually influential (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately reflects the findings regarding average height over the last century?

    <p>Height has increased due to environmental improvements despite being hereditary (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Adrenogenital Syndrome (AGS)

    A hormonal disorder caused by excessive prenatal androgen production from the adrenal glands.

    Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome (AIS)

    A condition in XY males where body cells are insensitive to androgens, leading to the development of female physical characteristics.

    Androgens

    A class of male sex hormones.

    Sex Differentiation of Nervous System

    Brain differences between males and females due to prenatal exposure to hormones like testosterone (androgen).

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    Hypothalamus

    Brain structure connecting to the pituitary gland and playing a role in reproductive behavior.

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    Brain size difference

    Males typically have larger brains than females.

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    Mullerian system

    Developmental pathway leading to formation of female reproductive organs.

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    Wolffian system

    Developmental pathway leading to the formation of male reproductive organs.

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    Hypothalamic size difference in rats

    Male rats have a larger hypothalamus compared to females, and this size difference is influenced by hormones.

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    Brain lateralization in men and women

    Men are often associated with enhanced left-brain functions (logic, analysis), while women are linked to stronger right-brain functions (imagination, intuition).

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    Women's memory superiority

    Studies suggest women generally show better recall of words and can better identify words starting with specific letters.

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    Gender development

    The process of self-identification, and learning expected roles for males and females defined by their societies.

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    Nature vs. Nurture

    The debate of the relative contributions of hereditary (nature) and environmental (nurture) influences on development. Both are crucial and interact

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    Hereditary influence

    Traits or characteristics passed down genetically from parents to offspring.

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    Environmental influence

    Aspects of surroundings and experiences that affect development and expression of traits.

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    Gender Roles

    Expected or societal norms regarding the behaviors and characteristics of males and females.

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    Biological Approach to Gender

    This approach emphasizes how biological processes (chromosomes and hormones) influence gender differences.

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    Sex Chromosomes

    The 23rd pair of human chromosomes. XX for females, XY for males.

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    Prenatal Physical Development

    The physical development of a fetus during pregnancy.

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    Hormone Impact on Gender

    Differences in hormones (like testosterone and estrogen) impact the development of physical sex characteristics and possibly behaviors.

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    Study Notes

    Biological Differences Between Genders: Hormones and Nervous System

    • Hormonal Abnormalities:
      • Adrenogenital Syndrome: Excessive prenatal androgen production from adrenal glands, causing physical traits resembling males in females, affecting behavior and play activities.
      • Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome: XY males with body cells insensitive to androgens; individuals develop female physical traits and gender identity.

    Sex Differentiation in the Nervous System

    • Men and women differ in physical attributes, reproductive function, and cognitive processes.
    • Sex hormones (especially testosterone) influence brain organization, starting prenatally.
    • Brain size: Males generally have larger brains, thought to be due to prenatal androgen exposure.
    • Hypothalamus: A tiny brain structure regulating reproductive behavior; larger in males.
    • Brain Hemispheric Differences: Studies indicate that men tend to show greater development in the left hemisphere (logic, verbal skills), while women show greater development in the right hemisphere (spatial abilities, intuitive thinking).

    Gender Development Theories

    • Several psychological theories explain gender development.
    • Biological Approach: Focuses on biological processes (hormones, chromosomes) driving physical and behavioral differences between men and women.
    • Nature vs. Nurture: Hereditary (nature) and environmental factors (nurture) both play a role in shaping gender development, and these influence each other.

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    Description

    Explore the complex interplay between hormones and the nervous system in determining biological differences between genders. This quiz covers hormonal abnormalities and how hormones influence brain structure and cognitive processes. Test your knowledge on topics such as Adrenogenital Syndrome and the impact of testosterone on brain organization.

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