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Questions and Answers
What is the term for the ability to walk upright on two legs?
What is the term for the ability to walk upright on two legs?
Bipedalism
What is the study of genes called?
What is the study of genes called?
Genetics
What is the name of the complex molecule containing genetic information?
What is the name of the complex molecule containing genetic information?
DNA
What is the process in which individuals with certain inherited traits are more likely to survive and reproduce called?
What is the process in which individuals with certain inherited traits are more likely to survive and reproduce called?
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What is the belief that all life was created by a God or Gods called?
What is the belief that all life was created by a God or Gods called?
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What is the term for a culture based around physical, material things like food, tools, clothing, and art?
What is the term for a culture based around physical, material things like food, tools, clothing, and art?
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What is the term for social rules that all societies have?
What is the term for social rules that all societies have?
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When a company shifts its costs to someone else, what is this called?
When a company shifts its costs to someone else, what is this called?
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What scientific term describes the remains or impression of a prehistoric organism preserved in rock?
What scientific term describes the remains or impression of a prehistoric organism preserved in rock?
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What gene is important in language and speech production?
What gene is important in language and speech production?
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What type of society was prevalent for 99% of human existence?
What type of society was prevalent for 99% of human existence?
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What type of society emerged when farming techniques were perfected and permanent settlements were established?
What type of society emerged when farming techniques were perfected and permanent settlements were established?
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What type of society is characterized by mass production, urbanization, and the harnessing of non-human energy?
What type of society is characterized by mass production, urbanization, and the harnessing of non-human energy?
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What type of society are we currently living in?
What type of society are we currently living in?
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What is the study of physical anthropology as it applies to human remains in a legal setting called?
What is the study of physical anthropology as it applies to human remains in a legal setting called?
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What is the detailed examination of specific cultures called?
What is the detailed examination of specific cultures called?
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What is the study of ancient cultures through the examination of material remains called?
What is the study of ancient cultures through the examination of material remains called?
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What is the study of human communication and language called?
What is the study of human communication and language called?
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What is the term for unselfish concern for the welfare of others?
What is the term for unselfish concern for the welfare of others?
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What is a term for the free-market capitalism that calls for minimal government intervention in the economy?
What is a term for the free-market capitalism that calls for minimal government intervention in the economy?
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What is the growth of something to a global or worldwide scale called?
What is the growth of something to a global or worldwide scale called?
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What 15th century invention revolutionized the ability to print information?
What 15th century invention revolutionized the ability to print information?
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What 18th century invention is considered the start of the industrial revolution?
What 18th century invention is considered the start of the industrial revolution?
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What are the footprints found in Tanzania that provide evidence of bipedalism dating back 3.6 million years ago called?
What are the footprints found in Tanzania that provide evidence of bipedalism dating back 3.6 million years ago called?
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What are the stone tools discovered by Louis and Mary Leakey that date back 2.5 million years ago called?
What are the stone tools discovered by Louis and Mary Leakey that date back 2.5 million years ago called?
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What is the area of rich farmland in Southwest Asia where the first civilizations began called?
What is the area of rich farmland in Southwest Asia where the first civilizations began called?
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What is the branch of linguistics that compares and contrasts languages to understand their origins and relationships called?
What is the branch of linguistics that compares and contrasts languages to understand their origins and relationships called?
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What is the branch of linguistics that focuses on the underlying structure of language and how it is acquired called?
What is the branch of linguistics that focuses on the underlying structure of language and how it is acquired called?
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What is the study of how language is used in different social contexts called?
What is the study of how language is used in different social contexts called?
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What is Noam Chomsky's theory that all languages share a similar underlying structure called?
What is Noam Chomsky's theory that all languages share a similar underlying structure called?
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What is the branch of physical anthropology that studies other primates in their natural habitats called?
What is the branch of physical anthropology that studies other primates in their natural habitats called?
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What is the branch of physical anthropology that searches for and studies the remains of ancient human ancestors called?
What is the branch of physical anthropology that searches for and studies the remains of ancient human ancestors called?
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What six features, according to Jared Diamond, are necessary for an animal to be domesticated?
What six features, according to Jared Diamond, are necessary for an animal to be domesticated?
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What is the process of taming animals for human use called?
What is the process of taming animals for human use called?
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What is the name of the 3.2 million-year-old Australopithecus afarensis skeleton that was discovered in Ethiopia in 1974?
What is the name of the 3.2 million-year-old Australopithecus afarensis skeleton that was discovered in Ethiopia in 1974?
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What is the name given to the 3.3 million-year-old Australopithecus afarensis skeleton of a three-year-old child who was discovered in Ethiopia in 2000?
What is the name given to the 3.3 million-year-old Australopithecus afarensis skeleton of a three-year-old child who was discovered in Ethiopia in 2000?
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What is the nickname for the partially fossilized 4.4-million-year-old specimen of Ardipithecus ramidus that was discovered in Ethiopia in 1994?
What is the nickname for the partially fossilized 4.4-million-year-old specimen of Ardipithecus ramidus that was discovered in Ethiopia in 1994?
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What is the name of the nearly complete skeleton of a Homo ergaster youth who lived 1.5 to 1.6 million years ago that was discovered in Kenya in 1984?
What is the name of the nearly complete skeleton of a Homo ergaster youth who lived 1.5 to 1.6 million years ago that was discovered in Kenya in 1984?
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What is the name of the group of indigenous people living in the Amazon region of Brazil, who are still hunter-gatherers?
What is the name of the group of indigenous people living in the Amazon region of Brazil, who are still hunter-gatherers?
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What is the name of the indigenous people of Samoa, a group of islands in the South Pacific, who were studied by Margaret Mead?
What is the name of the indigenous people of Samoa, a group of islands in the South Pacific, who were studied by Margaret Mead?
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Who was the chimpanzee subjected to a language learning experiment called "Project Nim"?
Who was the chimpanzee subjected to a language learning experiment called "Project Nim"?
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Who is the noted primatologist known for her studies of chimpanzee behavior in the wild?
Who is the noted primatologist known for her studies of chimpanzee behavior in the wild?
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Who was the anthropologist who studied the Yanomamo, describing them as "Fierce People"?
Who was the anthropologist who studied the Yanomamo, describing them as "Fierce People"?
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Who is the anthropologist who criticized Napoleon Chagnon's research on the Yanomamo?
Who is the anthropologist who criticized Napoleon Chagnon's research on the Yanomamo?
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Who is the anthropologist known for her 1946 study of Japanese culture, "The Chrysanthemum and the Sword", which was criticized for its use of secondary sources and its lack of firsthand experience in Japan?
Who is the anthropologist known for her 1946 study of Japanese culture, "The Chrysanthemum and the Sword", which was criticized for its use of secondary sources and its lack of firsthand experience in Japan?
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Who studied the oral history of the nomadic Innuinait (Copper Inuit) in the Canadian Arctic between 1913 and 1916, documenting their daily life, drum dance songs, poems, legends, and stories?
Who studied the oral history of the nomadic Innuinait (Copper Inuit) in the Canadian Arctic between 1913 and 1916, documenting their daily life, drum dance songs, poems, legends, and stories?
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Who is the American anthropologist who proposed the theory that human evolution was driven by climate change?
Who is the American anthropologist who proposed the theory that human evolution was driven by climate change?
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Who is the anthropologist who conducted a controversial study of adolescence in Samoa, concluding that Samoan teenagers were relatively free from the anxieties and pressures of Western adolescents?
Who is the anthropologist who conducted a controversial study of adolescence in Samoa, concluding that Samoan teenagers were relatively free from the anxieties and pressures of Western adolescents?
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Who is the anthropologist who challenged Margaret Mead's findings on Samoan culture, arguing that Samoan teenagers were not as carefree as Mead had suggested and that her research was flawed?
Who is the anthropologist who challenged Margaret Mead's findings on Samoan culture, arguing that Samoan teenagers were not as carefree as Mead had suggested and that her research was flawed?
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Who was a German physiologist who founded psychology as a formal science and is associated with structuralism?
Who was a German physiologist who founded psychology as a formal science and is associated with structuralism?
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Who was an American psychologist who is considered the founder of functionalism?
Who was an American psychologist who is considered the founder of functionalism?
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Who was an Austrian physician who developed psychoanalysis, focusing on the unconscious causes of behavior and personality formation?
Who was an Austrian physician who developed psychoanalysis, focusing on the unconscious causes of behavior and personality formation?
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Who was a neo-Freudian who proposed the concept of the collective unconscious and wrote extensively on dream interpretation?
Who was a neo-Freudian who proposed the concept of the collective unconscious and wrote extensively on dream interpretation?
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Who was a neo-Freudian who offered a feminist critique of Freud's theory, focusing on social and cultural factors in shaping personality?
Who was a neo-Freudian who offered a feminist critique of Freud's theory, focusing on social and cultural factors in shaping personality?
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Who was a Swiss psychologist known for his theory of cognitive development in children, emphasizing stages of intellectual development?
Who was a Swiss psychologist known for his theory of cognitive development in children, emphasizing stages of intellectual development?
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Who was a neo-Freudian who developed the theory of psychosocial development, emphasizing social and cultural influences on personality?
Who was a neo-Freudian who developed the theory of psychosocial development, emphasizing social and cultural influences on personality?
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Who was a psychologist known for his research on attachment and contact comfort, using experiments with baby monkeys and "mothers" made of cloth or wire?
Who was a psychologist known for his research on attachment and contact comfort, using experiments with baby monkeys and "mothers" made of cloth or wire?
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Who was a Russian physiologist who discovered classical conditioning, training dogs to salivate at the sound of a bell?
Who was a Russian physiologist who discovered classical conditioning, training dogs to salivate at the sound of a bell?
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Who was a behaviorist who developed the theory of operant conditioning, using experiments with pigeons and rats in "Skinner boxes"?
Who was a behaviorist who developed the theory of operant conditioning, using experiments with pigeons and rats in "Skinner boxes"?
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Who was a behaviorist who emphasized external behaviors and their reactions to given situations, known for the "Little Albert" experiment?
Who was a behaviorist who emphasized external behaviors and their reactions to given situations, known for the "Little Albert" experiment?
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Who is a researcher known for his work on observational or social learning, including the famous "Bobo doll" experiment?
Who is a researcher known for his work on observational or social learning, including the famous "Bobo doll" experiment?
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Who is known for her research on eyewitness testimony and the fallibility of memory, emphasizing how memory can be distorted by suggestion and other factors?
Who is known for her research on eyewitness testimony and the fallibility of memory, emphasizing how memory can be distorted by suggestion and other factors?
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Who is a communication professor and psychologist who has researched the effects of violent media, arguing that violent video games are more harmful than violent television and movies?
Who is a communication professor and psychologist who has researched the effects of violent media, arguing that violent video games are more harmful than violent television and movies?
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Who is a researcher who explores the impact of childhood experiences on aggression, arguing that those who grew up in an aggressive environment are more likely to exhibit aggression, especially when playing violent video games?
Who is a researcher who explores the impact of childhood experiences on aggression, arguing that those who grew up in an aggressive environment are more likely to exhibit aggression, especially when playing violent video games?
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Who was a humanistic psychologist known for his "Hierarchy of Needs" and the concept of "self-actualization"?
Who was a humanistic psychologist known for his "Hierarchy of Needs" and the concept of "self-actualization"?
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Study Notes
Nature vs. Nurture
- Nature vs. nurture debate: Examines if behavior is primarily determined by genetics (nature) or upbringing (nurture).
Bipedalism
- Bipedalism: Ability to walk upright on two legs.
Opposable Thumbs
- Opposable thumbs: Thumbs that can be placed opposite other fingers, enabling grasping and tool use.
Evolution
- Evolution: Gradual change in species over time.
Creationism
- Creationism: Belief that all life was created by a god or gods.
Genetics
- Genetics: Study of genes.
DNA
- DNA: Complex molecule holding genetic information unique to each individual.
Natural Selection
- Natural selection: Individuals with advantageous traits survive and reproduce more successfully, leading to those traits becoming dominant.
Cognitive Revolution
- Cognitive Revolution: 70,000 years ago, marked by cave art and advancements in tools, possibly related to cognitive development.
Social Darwinism
- Social Darwinism: A discredited belief that certain social groups are superior, used to rationalize social injustices.
Ethnocentrism
- Ethnocentrism: Judging another culture based on the norms and values of one's own culture.
Cultural Relativism
- Cultural relativism: Attempting to understand a culture on its own terms, without judgment.
Material Culture
- Material culture: Tangible aspects of culture, including tools, art, clothing, and food.
Non-material Culture
- Non-material culture: Intangible aspects of culture, such as values, beliefs, norms, and language.
Subcultures
- Subcultures: Groups within a larger culture, sharing unique values and norms.
Countercultures
- Countercultures: Groups that oppose the dominant culture's values or norms.
Norms
- Norms: Social rules and expectations within societies.
Folkways
- Folkways: Weak norms that influence daily behavior (e.g., appropriate dress, greetings).
Mores
- Mores: Norms that involve strong cultural morals or principles.
Laws
- Laws: Norms enforced by the state with penalties for violations.
Taboos
- Taboos: Strongest norms; violating them elicits disgust among a community.
Externalizing Costs
- Externalizing costs: When a company shifts the costs of production to someone else.
Fossils
- Fossils: Preserved remains or impressions of ancient organisms.
FOXP2
- FOXP2: Gene crucial for language and speech production.
Pit of Bones
- Pit of Bones: Archaeological burial site in Spain, containing remains of Homo erectus.
Hunter-Gatherer Society
- Hunter-gatherer society: Foraging cultures, relying on hunting and gathering for sustenance.
Horticultural Society
- Horticultural society: Early farming societies using simple farming techniques without irrigation.
Agricultural Society
- Agricultural society: Societies with advanced farming, leading to permanent settlements and increased population.
Industrial Society
- Industrial society: Society powered by machines in factories, resulting in mass production, urbanization, and social changes like child labor.
Post-industrial Society
- Post-industrial society: Information-based society characterized by advanced communication technologies and a globalized economy.
Physical Anthropology
- Physical anthropology: Study of human physical evolution and variation.
Cultural Anthropology
- Cultural anthropology: Study of human societies and cultures, particularly their development and differences.
Forensic Anthropology
- Forensic anthropology: Study of human remains in legal contexts.
Information Age
- Information Age: Also known as the post-industrial society, characterized by rapid communication technologies.
Ethnology
- Ethnology: Study and comparison of different cultures.
Archaeology
- Archaeology: Study of ancient cultures using material remains.
Linguistic Anthropology
- Linguistic anthropology: Study of language as a social practice and a cultural expression.
Altruism
- Altruism: Selfless concern for the well-being of others.
Neoliberalism
- Neoliberalism: Modified form of liberalism promoting free-market capitalism, minimal government intervention.
Globalization
- Globalization: Growth of worldwide connections and interdependence.
Printing Press
- Printing press: Invention that revolutionized information sharing.
Steam Engine
- Steam engine: Engine using steam to generate power, a key invention in the Industrial Revolution.
Laetoli Footprints
- Laetoli footprints: Evidence of early hominin bipedalism.
Choppers
- Choppers: Early stone tools used for various tasks.
Fertile Crescent
- Fertile Crescent: Region in Southwest Asia where early civilizations developed.
Historical Linguistics
- Historical linguistics: Study of language development and relationships.
###Structural Linguistics
- Structural linguistics: Study of grammatical structures in language.
Sociolinguistics
- Sociolinguistics: Study of how language use reflects social status and context.
Universal Grammar
- Universal grammar: Noam Chomsky's theory of innate language abilities in humans.
Primatology
- Primatology: Study of primates, including humans.
Paleoanthropology
- Paleoanthropology: Study of human evolution.
Anna Karenina Principle
- Anna Karenina Principle: Diamond's 6 features for domesticating an animal: growth rate, disposition, captive breeding, diet, reaction to danger, and social structure.
Domestication
- Domestication: Taming of animals for human use.
Human Timeline
- Human timeline: Summary of significant stages in human evolution and societal development from 2.5 million to the present.
Charles Darwin
- Charles Darwin: Developed the theory of evolution by natural selection.
Mary Leakey
- Mary Leakey: Anthropologist who contributed to understanding human origins.
Donald Johanson
- Donald Johanson: Anthropologist who discovered the Lucy fossil.
Marc Lepine
- Marc Lepine: Perpetrator of the Montreal Massacre.
Jared Diamond
- Jared Diamond: Author focusing on geographical factors affecting human societies.
Yuval Noah Harari
- Yuval Noah Harari: Author of Sapiens, exploring the development of Homo sapiens.
Franz de Waal
- Franz de Waal: Researcher who studies animal behavior, particularly social intelligence and emotions.
Elizebeth Anderson
- Elizebeth Anderson: Philosopher focusing on moral obligations to other species.
Neanderthals
- Neanderthals: Species of extinct hominins (Homo neanderthalensis), that lived in Eurasia.
Homo sapiens
- Homo sapiens: Modern humans.
Hominins
- Hominins: Human ancestors and modern humans.
Lucy
- Lucy: Famous 3.2 million-year-old Australopithecus afarensis fossil.
Selam
- Selam: 3.3 million-year-old Australopithecus afarensis fossil.
Ardi
- Ardi: 4.4 million-year-old Ardipithecus ramidus fossil.
Turkana Boy
- Turkana Boy: Nearly complete skeleton of a Homo ergaster youth.
Yanomamo
- Yanomamo: Indigenous Amazonian people, studied for their culture.
Simoans
- Simoans: People of Samoa, studied by Margaret Mead.
Nim Chimpsky
- Nim Chimpsky: Chimpanzee subject of a failed language acquisition experiment.
Noam Chomsky
- Noam Chomsky: Linguist arguing that humans have innate language abilities.
Napoleon Chagnon
- Napoleon Chagnon: Anthropologist who studied the Yanomamo, criticised for potential bias.
Patrick Tierney
- Patrick Tierney: Anthropologist who criticised Chagnon's work.
Ruth Benedict
- Ruth Benedict: Cultural anthropologist who wrote about Japanese culture.
###Diamond Jenness
- Diamond Jenness: Anthropologist who studied the Copper Inuit.
Rick Potts
- Rick Potts: Anthropologist suggesting climate change as a key driver of human evolution.
Margaret Mead
- Margaret Mead: Anthropologist who studied Samoan culture, whose findings were later criticised.
Derek Freeman
- Derek Freeman: Anthropologist who criticised Mead's work on Samoan culture.
Jane Goodall
- Jane Goodall: Primatologist who studied chimpanzee behavior.
Diane Fossey
- Diane Fossey: Primatologist specializing in mountain gorillas.
Birute Galdikas
- Birute Galdikas: Primatologist who studied orangutans.
Raymond Dart
- Raymond Dart: Anthropologist who found early hominin fossils.
Wilhelm Wundt
- Wilhelm Wundt: Founder of structuralist school of psychology.
William James
- William James: Founder of functionalist school of psychology.
Sigmund Freud
- Sigmund Freud: Founder of psychoanalysis.
Carl Jung
- Carl Jung: Neo-Freudian known for the concept of the collective unconscious.
Karen Horney
- Karen Horney: Neo-Freudian who offered feminist critiques of Freud.
Jean Piaget
- Jean Piaget: Known for his theory of cognitive development in children.
Erik Erikson
- Erik Erikson: Neo-Freudian known for his theory of psychosocial development.
Harry Harlow
- Harry Harlow: Researcher known for his work on attachment theory using monkeys.
Ivan Pavlov
- Ivan Pavlov: Researcher known for classical conditioning.
BF Skinner
- B.F. Skinner: Behaviorist known for operant conditioning.
John Watson
- John Watson: Behaviorist known for the Little Albert experiment.
Albert Bandura
- Albert Bandura: Researcher known for social learning theory (including the Bobo doll experiment).
Elizabeth Loftus
- Elizabeth Loftus: Researcher known for her criticism of eyewitness testimony and memory reliability.
Brad Bushman
- Brad Bushman: Communication professor/psychologist studying the effects of violent video games.
Karin Fikkers
- Karin Fikkers: Researcher who explored the correlation between childhood environment and aggression.
Abraham Maslow
- Abraham Maslow: Humanistic psychologist known for the Hierarchy of Needs.
Studying That Suits You
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Description
Explore key biological concepts including the nature vs. nurture debate, bipedalism, opposable thumbs, evolution, and more. This quiz delves into fundamental ideas regarding genetics, natural selection, and cultural advancements during the Cognitive Revolution.
