Biological Concepts and Theories

The debate over whether our behaviour is based on our genetic makeup (nature) or our upbringing (nurture).

The ability to walk upright on two legs.

Thumbs that enable grasping objects and using tools.

<p>The gradual change in a species over time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The belief that all life was created by a God or Gods.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The study of genes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A complex molecule containing the genetic information that makes up each individual.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A process in which individuals with certain inherited traits survive and reproduce at higher rates due to those traits, making them dominant in the population while those without these traits fade out.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The cognitive revolution occurred 70,000 years ago, marked by the emergence of cave art and new technologies like ropes and sewing needles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Judging another culture based on the perceptions and norms of your own culture.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Trying to understand a culture on its own terms without judgment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A culture based around physical, material things like food, tools, clothing, art, and weapons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Culture based on human creations, such as values, norms, knowledge, systems of government, language, and so on, that are not embodied in physical objects.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Subcultures operate within larger cultures, with their own ideologies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Countercultures are formed to oppose the dominant culture.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Social rules that exist in all societies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The lowest level of norms, weak norms like cultural customs, such as drivers waving to each other.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>When a company shifts its costs onto someone else.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A large burial site for Homo Erectus in Spain, discovered in 1984.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Foraging or nomadic cultures that existed for 99% of human history, where men hunted and women gathered, lasting until around 4,000 BC.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Early farming communities that emerged in warm, rainy climates with sufficient rainfall, leading to specialization and semi-permanent settlements for 7-10 years.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Societies that began in the late 1700s with the invention of the steam engine, characterized by factories, wage labor, rapid urbanization, and mass production.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The society we live in now, characterized by communication, information, and globalization, starting after World War II.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The study of how humans have physically changed and the reasons for this evolution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The development and changes in different cultures, as well as the similarities and differences that exist across human cultures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The application of physical anthropology to human remains in legal settings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Post-Industrial society, marked by the rapid growth and accessibility of information through technology.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A branch of cultural anthropology that focuses on the detailed examination of specific cultures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The study of human communication and how languages shape human experiences.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Unselfish concern for the welfare of others.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A modified form of liberalism that emphasizes free markets, balanced budgets, privatization, free trade, and minimal government intervention.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Growth to a global or worldwide scale.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It revolutionized the ability to print information, leading to increased speed in the spread of information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It was a key invention in the 1700s that marked the beginning of the Industrial Revolution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They provide evidence that bipedalism began at least 3.6 million years ago, prior to the development of larger brains.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stone tools 2.5 million years old, used for purposes like whittling, cutting branches, or animal bones.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An area of rich farmland in Southwest Asia where the first civilizations began.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Comparing and contrasting languages to understand their similarities and differences, which can provide clues about migration patterns and the origin of words, known as etymology.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>That humans have an innate, pre-existing capacity to absorb and process language structures rather than being born as blank slates who learn language solely through listening.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>How language is used to express social status and how language usage varies in different contexts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The theory that all the world’s languages share fundamental, underlying structures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A branch of physical anthropology that primarily studies other primates.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A branch of physical anthropology that focuses on the search for evidence of human ancestors and the mapping out of human evolutionary history.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diamond outlines six essential features an animal needs for successful domestication.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The taming of animals for human use, such as work or as food.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The timeline includes the appearance of early hominins 2.5 million years ago, the emergence of Homo sapiens 200,000 years ago, the cognitive revolution 70,000 years ago, the agricultural revolution 12,000 years ago, the scientific revolution 500 years ago, the Industrial Revolution 200 years ago, and the post-industrial revolution after World War II.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An English naturalist who developed the theory of evolution by natural selection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They discovered evidence of early hominids in Africa, including a skull dating back 1.8 million years, as well as the Laetoli footprints, and choppers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An anthropologist who discovered the skeleton of Lucy, a 3.2-million-year-old Australopithecus afarensis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The perpetrator of the Montreal Massacre, killing 14 women at the University of Montreal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The author of Guns, Germs, and Steel, Diamond believes that geography is a significant factor in the development of inequality among civilizations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The author of Sapiens, a book that examines the history of Homo sapiens and explores their dominance over other species.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A primatologist who has challenged the notion that animals lack emotions, believing species have their own forms of intelligence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>That humans feel different moral obligations to different species based on how intelligent we view them.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A European variant of Homo sapiens that went extinct about 40,000 years ago.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Modern humans.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A 3.2-million-year-old Australopithecus afarensis skeleton discovered in Ethiopia in 1974.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A 3.3-million-year-old Australopithecus afarensis skeleton of a three-year-old individual, discovered in 2000.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The nearly complete skeleton of a Homo ergaster youth who lived 1.5 to 1.6 million years ago, discovered in Kenya in 1984.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Indigenous people living in the Amazon in Brazil, still practicing hunter-gatherer traditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Indigenous people of Samoa, a group of islands in the South Pacific, studied by Margaret Mead.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An experiment aimed at determining if a chimpanzee, Nim Chimpsky, could be conditioned to communicate with humans through language by raising him in a human household.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An American theoretical linguist who argues that the human brain has a natural capacity for language learning.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An anthropologist who studied the Yanomamo, describing them as &quot;fierce people&quot; and exploring their culture and social practices.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An anthropologist who criticized Chagnon's research on the Yanomamo, claiming he exaggerated their violence and incited conflict.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An anthropologist who wrote &quot;The Chrysanthemum and the Sword&quot;, a study of Japanese culture.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An anthropologist who studied the Copper Inuit of the Canadian Arctic, documenting their oral history, songs, legends, and daily life.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An American anthropologist who theorizes that human evolution is driven by climate change and the need for adaptability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An anthropologist who conducted a famous study of Samoan adolescent girls, suggesting that their culture had a minimal impact on the stress associated with adolescence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An anthropologist who criticized Mead's study of Samoa, arguing that she misrepresented Samoan culture and ignored its complexities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An English zoologist, primatologist, and anthropologist, famous for her extensive research on chimpanzees in the wild.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An American primatologist and conservationist known for her research on mountain gorillas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A primatologist who focused on studying orangutans.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An anthropologist who provided crucial evidence that Africa was the cradle of humanity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A German physiologist who is considered the founder of psychology as a formal science.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A prominent figure in the development of psychology, known as the founder of functionalism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An Austrian physician who developed the theory of psychoanalysis, focusing on the unconscious causes of behavior and personality formation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A neo-Freudian who developed the concept of the &quot;collective unconscious&quot; and wrote extensively on dream interpretation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A neo-Freudian who offered a feminist critique of Freud's theory.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A psychologist known for his research on cognitive development in children.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A neo-Freudian and humanistic psychologist known for his theory of psychosocial development.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A psychologist who conducted famous experiments with baby monkeys, demonstrating the importance of contact comfort in attachment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A physiologist who discovered classical conditioning, demonstrated by his experiments with dogs salivating to the ringing of a bell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A behaviorist who developed the theory of operant conditioning, through experiments with pigeons and rats.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A psychologist who founded behaviorism, focusing on observable behaviors and environmental influences.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A psychologist who researched observational learning and the famous Bobo doll experiment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A psychologist known for her research on the unreliability of eyewitness testimony and the malleability of memory.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A communication professor and psychologist who argues that violence in video games is more harmful than in television and movies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A researcher who contends that children raised around aggressive behavior are more likely to exhibit aggression in response to violent video games, while those raised in non-aggressive environments are less likely to do so.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A humanistic psychologist known for his hierarchy of needs and the concept of self-actualization.</p> Signup and view all the answers