Biological Classification Overview

Grouping organisms based on shared characteristics.

Branch of biology that classifies living organisms.

System for naming organisms.

Early biologist who classified life into plants and animals.

Organizing living things by physical traits, behavior, nutrition, and cell type.

Classifying life based on DNA, cell structure, reproduction, and organ development.

To make studying millions of organisms easier and more manageable.

The process of grouping organisms based on similarities and differences.

The system for naming organisms.

A Greek philosopher considered the Father of Biology.

The highest level of classification of living things.

The lowest level of classification, representing a group of similar organisms.

A system of classifying organisms based on their traits, from broader to more specific groups.

A level of classification below kingdom; a broader group than class; for animals called phylum and for plants called division.

A level of classification below phylum/division, and above order.

A level of classification below class.

A level of classification below order.

A level of classification below family, and above species.

Spherical-shaped bacteria, can be single, in pairs, or chains.

A type of coccus bacteria arranged in chains.

Rod-shaped bacteria, usually single or in chains.

A type of bacillus bacteria found in the human intestine.

Long, spirally coiled bacteria.

Short, curved bacteria resembling a comma.

Outer layer of a bacterial cell that provides structure and protection.

Thin layer inside the cell wall that controls what goes in and out.

Gel-like material inside the cell, containing essential components.

Slimy layer surrounding some bacterial cell walls providing protection.

Tail-like structures used for bacterial movement.

A system of classifying living organisms into five kingdoms based on cellular structure, nutrition, and lifestyle.

One of the five kingdoms in the modern classification system, containing prokaryotic, single-celled organisms.

Describing a cell lacking a membrane-bound nucleus and other organelles.

Single-celled organisms in Kingdom Monera, found in diverse environments.

A method of asexual reproduction in prokaryotes where a cell divides into two identical cells.

Bacteria that produce their own food.

Bacteria that obtain their food from other organisms.

Microscopic, single-celled organism without a nucleus or other specialized cell organelles.

A unit of length equal to one thousandth of a millimeter (1/1000 mm).

Bacteria range in size from 0.2 to 100 microns.

Bacteria are used in the process of turning animal hides into leather. They are then treated with chemicals.

Bacteria like Acetobacter convert alcohol into vinegar (acetic acid).

Bacteria break down waste to create biogas, used as fuel. The leftover solid material is fertilizer.

Bacteria in sewage plants break down organic matter.

Rhizobium bacteria convert nitrogen for plants to use.

Bacteria decompose dead organisms, returning nutrients to the environment.

Bacteria produce medicines like antibiotics and vitamin B.

Bacteria that need oxygen to live.

Waste that bacteria and other microorganisms break down into simpler substances.

Eukaryotic single-celled organisms, either autotrophic or heterotrophic.

Unicellular organism with changeable shape using pseudopodia.

Cytoplasmic extensions used for movement and feeding in Amoeba.

Organelle in Amoeba for removing excess water.

Cells with a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.

Bacteria that cause diseases.

Bacteria that are helpful in various processes.

A process of separating jute fibers from stems using bacteria.

Using bacteria to produce a specific flavor in tea and tobacco leaves.

Conversion of milk to curd by Lactobacillus bacteria.

Bacteria that cause milk to curdle into curd.

Warm conditions are needed for Lactobacillus to thrive and form curd.

Cold milk does not form curd because bacteria need warmth.

Bacteria are used in a process called tanning to treat leather.

Bacteria are used to create vinegar.

Bacteria used to create biogas as a fuel source.

Bacteria plays a role in cleaning up wastewater.

Bacteria helps plants absorb nitrogen, a vital nutrient.

Bacteria help recycle matter.

Bacteria are used in creating certain medications.

Amoeba secretes juices to break down food into simple substances, which are absorbed into the cytoplasm.

A natural process of decomposing organic matter using microorganisms in soil, creating nutrient-rich manure.

Absorption in Amoeba involves simple molecules moving from the food into the cytoplasm.

Dark, nutrient-rich substance formed from the decomposition of organic matter in compost.

Vegetable and fruit peels are examples of organic waste that breaks down into compost.

Amoeba uses absorbed nutrients for its life processes.

Medicines that fight bacteria, but have advantages and disadvantages.

Undigested food is expelled by bursting the food vacuole.

Amoeba breathes through its cell surface, taking in oxygen and releasing carbon dioxide.

Specific bacteria like Lactobacillus change milk into curd.

Some bacteria can cause illness, like cholera, diphtheria, and tuberculosis.

Waste, like carbon dioxide and ammonia, are removed through diffusion at the cell surface, aided by contractile vacuoles.

Single-celled eukaryotic organisms, like Amoeba, with a nucleus, mitochondria, and organelles.

A single-celled organism found in freshwater that changes its shape using pseudopods.

Finger-like projections that help Amoeba move and feed.

Amoeba moves using pseudopodia, which are temporary extensions of the cytoplasm that allow it to flow in any direction.

Amoeba eats microscopic organisms, engulfing them within a food vacuole and then digesting the food inside.

The process of taking in food using pseudopodia to surround and engulf food particles.

A membrane-bound sac within the amoeba where food is digested.

Digestive juices are secreted to break down food in the food vacuole into smaller molecules.

The process of simple molecules entering the amoeba's cytoplasm from the food vacuole.

The use of absorbed molecules for the amoeba's metabolic activities.

The removal of undigested waste from the amoeba's body.

Amoeba absorbs oxygen and releases carbon dioxide through its body surface to create energy from food.

Amoeba removes waste products, like carbon dioxide and other waste, through diffusion across the cell membrane and with help from contractile vacuoles.