Biological Bases of Physical Activity and Health
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Questions and Answers

What is the approximate proportion of healthcare spending attributed to chronic diseases?

  • 1 out of every 4 dollars
  • 4 out of every 5 dollars
  • 2 out of every 3 dollars
  • 3 out of every 4 dollars (correct)

What proportion of deaths are linked to chronic diseases?

  • 9 out of 10 deaths
  • 3 out of 10 deaths
  • 7 out of 10 deaths (correct)
  • 5 out of 10 deaths

What is the primary effect of physical activity?

  • It reverses and prevents disease by altering pathophysiology (correct)
  • It provides no benefits, but is necessary to avoid other issues
  • It has minor effect on overall health
  • It only reduces the symptoms of disease

By 2030, what is the projected cost of chronic diseases?

<p>$47 trillion dollars (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is suggested can be achieved by engaging in regular physical activity?

<p>A reduction in the risk of anxiety and depression and improved memory (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT typically a contributing factor in the development of chronic diseases?

<p>Acute infections (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a benefit specifically mentioned as an outcome of physical activity?

<p>Reduced incidence of contagious diseases. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes chronic diseases in terms of their disease process?

<p>The underlying pathophysiology process may persist even when symptoms are not present. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the MAIN difference between most drugs aimed at chronic disease and lifestyle changes?

<p>Most drugs only eliminate the symptom, while lifestyle changes can address the underlying pathophysiology (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the text suggest about inactivity?

<p>Inactivity is a challenge caused by societal and environmental factors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the example of Type II Diabetes, what is a primary symptom?

<p>High blood sugar (hyperglycemia) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The text suggests that the adaptations from physical activity are:

<p>Medically beneficial (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the example given, what is the BEST way to help improve insulin effectiveness?

<p>Making lifestyle changes such as increased physical activity and good nutrition (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is implied about the relationship between physical activity and the root causes of disease?

<p>Physicalactivity alters both the cause and pathophysiology of disease (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What problem is identified regarding physical activity?

<p>Despite its importance, there is a problem with societal engagement with it. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The benefits of physical activity are compared to the effects of a 'magic pill'. What does this comparison emphasize?

<p>That physical activity produces a wide range of positive health outcomes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the provided definitions, what is the primary focus of biology as a natural science?

<p>The examination of life and living organisms. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes physical activity, as presented in the document?

<p>Bodily movement caused by muscle contraction that raises caloric needs above REE. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Based on the WHO's definition, what constitutes 'health'?

<p>A comprehensive state of physical, mental, and social well-being. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of understanding the relationship between physical activity and health?

<p>It is important for understanding how physical activity can impact one's well being and help the body adapt. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the provided data, what was the leading cause of death in the United States in 2022?

<p>Heart disease. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these causes of death is shown to have indirectly affected by physical activity?

<p>Malignant neoplasms (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Based on the provided information, which of the following is a cause of death with a percentage closest to 5%?

<p>Cerebrovascular diseases. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the provided cause of death data, which was responsible for the least number of deaths, from the options below?

<p>Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the below statements are true according to the document?

<p>Accidents are the third leading cause of death in the US. (A), Physical activity involves muscle contraction that impacts caloric needs. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the document, which cause of death is most directly affected by physical inactivity?

<p>Heart disease (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is biology?

The study of life and living organisms, encompassing their physical structure, chemical processes, molecular interactions, physiological mechanisms, development, and evolution.

Define physical activity.

Any bodily movement produced by skeletal muscle contraction that results in a substantial increase in caloric requirements above resting energy expenditure (REE).

What does the WHO define health as?

A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being. It's not just the absence of disease or infirmity.

Why is understanding the role of physical activity on health important?

Understanding the role of physical activity on health is important because it can help us prevent chronic diseases, improve our overall well-being, and live longer, healthier lives.

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What are biological adaptations to physical activity?

Biological adaptations are changes that occur in the body as a result of regular physical activity. These changes can include improvements in cardiovascular function, muscle strength and endurance, and bone density.

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Explain physiological adaptations to physical activity.

Physiological adaptations are changes that occur in the body as a result of regular physical activity. These changes can include improvements in blood pressure, cholesterol levels, and blood sugar control.

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What are the health benefits of physical activity?

Physical activity has numerous health benefits, including reducing the risk of chronic diseases, improving mental health, boosting energy levels, and promoting better sleep.

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What were the leading causes of death in the US in 2022?

In 2022, heart disease and malignant neoplasms were the leading causes of death in the United States, accounting for 21.4% and 18.5% of all deaths respectively.

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How are leading causes of death linked to physical activity?

Many of the leading causes of death in the United States, such as heart disease, stroke, type 2 diabetes, and some cancers, are directly or indirectly affected by physical inactivity.

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What is the relationship between physical activity and chronic diseases?

Physical activity plays a crucial role in reducing the risk of many chronic diseases, such as heart disease, stroke, type 2 diabetes, and some types of cancer. It also promotes mental health, improves sleep quality, and contributes to overall well-being.

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What is a chronic disease?

A long-term health condition that develops gradually and persists over time.

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What are risk factors for chronic disease?

Factors that increase the risk of developing a chronic disease.

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What is pathophysiology?

The study of how a disease affects the body, including physical and functional changes.

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What causes chronic diseases?

Chronic diseases are often caused by a combination of genetic predisposition and lifestyle choices.

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How does chronic disease impact the body?

The impact of a chronic disease on the body may not disappear even if symptoms are managed.

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How do medications affect chronic disease?

Many medications address only symptoms of chronic disease, not the root cause.

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How important are lifestyle changes for chronic disease?

Lifestyle changes are an important part of managing chronic disease.

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What is the financial impact of chronic disease?

Chronic diseases are a major financial burden on healthcare systems.

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Physically active lifestyle & disease prevention

Regular physical activity can significantly reduce the risk of developing and worsening many chronic diseases, including diabetes, heart disease, and obesity.

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Physical activity adaptations

Physical activity causes changes in the body's functions, leading to improvements in health and disease prevention. These adaptations include changes in blood pressure, cholesterol levels, and body fat distribution.

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Problem with physical activity

Physical activity is a key factor in preventing chronic diseases, but many people are still inactive.

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Inactivity's societal challenges

Factors such as lifestyle choices, accessibility to resources, and societal norms can contribute to a lack of regular exercise.

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Physical inactivity & health impact

Physical activity is essential for health, yet many people are not active. This lack of activity is a major health concern due to its contribution to developing and worsening chronic diseases.

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Four key behaviors

Four key behaviors, including lack of physical activity, contribute significantly to the development of chronic disease.

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Physical activity & pathophysiology

Physical activity brings about changes in the body's biological processes, leading to both disease prevention and reduction in disease severity.

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Physical activity: Medicine in motion

Exercise acts like medicine due to its ability to alter disease processes.

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Study Notes

Lecture 1: Biological Bases of Physical Activity and Health

  • Biology is the study of life and living organisms, encompassing their structure, processes, interactions, mechanisms, development, and evolution.
  • Physical activity is any skeletal muscle movement increasing caloric expenditure above resting energy expenditure (REE).
  • Health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease.

Importance of Understanding Physical Activity's Role in Health

  • Understanding the link between physical activity and health is crucial for disease prevention and management.
  • Physical inactivity contributes significantly to chronic diseases.

Leading Causes of Death (2022) and Chronic Diseases

  • Leading causes of death in the US (2022) include heart disease, malignant neoplasms (cancer), accidents, and COVID-19.
  • Chronic diseases account for a substantial proportion (3/4) of healthcare expenditure in the US.
  • Projections indicate chronic diseases' costs will reach $47 trillion by 2030.

Chronic Diseases: Definition and Examples

  • Chronic diseases develop over time and are often caused by a combination of genetics and lifestyle factors, exposing people to risk factors.
  • Chronic diseases are generally ongoing, impacting the body's physiological systems even if symptoms lessen.
  • Examples include Type II diabetes; other diseases not specifically named in the text are likely included within the "other" category in the mortality data.

The Impact of Physical Activity on Health

  • Physical activity's benefits include disease prevention and reversal of the disease mechanisms within the body.
  • Physical activity influences the underlying physiology.
  • Physical inactivity leads to increased risk of chronic diseases (e.g., type II diabetes, heart disease, certain cancers) and significantly impacts healthcare costs.

The Role of Physical Activity in Preventing Chronic Diseases

  • Physical activity alters the underlying pathophysiology of diseases to prevent or manage their progression.
  • Physical activity has a fundamental role in reducing chronic disease related mortality and impact.

Physical Activity and Its Adaptations

  • Physical activity influences biological and physiological adaptations.
  • These adaptations positively impact health.

Physical Activity Levels and Disease Rates

  • Higher levels of physical activity correlate with lower rates of chronic diseases.
  • The prevalence of physical inactivity is notable and is a significant contributor to chronic diseases, and thus morbidity and mortality.
  • Inactivity has been shown to increase medical costs.

Study Guide Questions

  • Biological Bases of Physical Activity and Health: Definition of the term.
  • Chronic Disease: Definition of the term.
  • Specific Chronic Diseases Prevented by Physical Activity: List some chronic diseases.
  • Importance of Physical Activity in Chronic Diseases: Explanation of the role of physical activity.
  • Relationship Between Physical Activity and Disease Rates: Description of the correlation.

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Related Documents

Lecture 1: Biological Bases of Physical Activity and Health PDF

Description

Explore the fundamental concepts connecting biology, physical activity, and health. This quiz delves into the importance of physical activity in preventing chronic diseases and enhancing overall well-being. Understand how skeletal movement influences health and disease management.

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