Biological Bases of Physical Activity and Health

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Questions and Answers

What is the approximate proportion of healthcare spending attributed to chronic diseases?

1 out of every 4 dollars

4 out of every 5 dollars

2 out of every 3 dollars

3 out of every 4 dollars (correct)

What proportion of deaths are linked to chronic diseases?

9 out of 10 deaths

3 out of 10 deaths

7 out of 10 deaths (correct)

5 out of 10 deaths

What is the primary effect of physical activity?

It reverses and prevents disease by altering pathophysiology (correct)

It provides no benefits, but is necessary to avoid other issues

It has minor effect on overall health

It only reduces the symptoms of disease

By 2030, what is the projected cost of chronic diseases?

$47 trillion dollars Signup and view all the answers

What is suggested can be achieved by engaging in regular physical activity?

A reduction in the risk of anxiety and depression and improved memory Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT typically a contributing factor in the development of chronic diseases?

Acute infections Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a benefit specifically mentioned as an outcome of physical activity?

Reduced incidence of contagious diseases. Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes chronic diseases in terms of their disease process?

The underlying pathophysiology process may persist even when symptoms are not present. Signup and view all the answers

What is the MAIN difference between most drugs aimed at chronic disease and lifestyle changes?

Most drugs only eliminate the symptom, while lifestyle changes can address the underlying pathophysiology Signup and view all the answers

What does the text suggest about inactivity?

Inactivity is a challenge caused by societal and environmental factors Signup and view all the answers

In the example of Type II Diabetes, what is a primary symptom?

High blood sugar (hyperglycemia) Signup and view all the answers

The text suggests that the adaptations from physical activity are:

Medically beneficial Signup and view all the answers

According to the example given, what is the BEST way to help improve insulin effectiveness?

Making lifestyle changes such as increased physical activity and good nutrition Signup and view all the answers

What is implied about the relationship between physical activity and the root causes of disease?

Physicalactivity alters both the cause and pathophysiology of disease Signup and view all the answers

What problem is identified regarding physical activity?

Despite its importance, there is a problem with societal engagement with it. Signup and view all the answers

The benefits of physical activity are compared to the effects of a 'magic pill'. What does this comparison emphasize?

That physical activity produces a wide range of positive health outcomes Signup and view all the answers

According to the provided definitions, what is the primary focus of biology as a natural science?

The examination of life and living organisms. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes physical activity, as presented in the document?

Bodily movement caused by muscle contraction that raises caloric needs above REE. Signup and view all the answers

Based on the WHO's definition, what constitutes 'health'?

A comprehensive state of physical, mental, and social well-being. Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of understanding the relationship between physical activity and health?

It is important for understanding how physical activity can impact one's well being and help the body adapt. Signup and view all the answers

According to the provided data, what was the leading cause of death in the United States in 2022?

Heart disease. Signup and view all the answers

Which of these causes of death is shown to have indirectly affected by physical activity?

Malignant neoplasms Signup and view all the answers

Based on the provided information, which of the following is a cause of death with a percentage closest to 5%?

Cerebrovascular diseases. Signup and view all the answers

According to the provided cause of death data, which was responsible for the least number of deaths, from the options below?

Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the below statements are true according to the document?

Accidents are the third leading cause of death in the US. Signup and view all the answers

According to the document, which cause of death is most directly affected by physical inactivity?

Heart disease Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Lecture 1: Biological Bases of Physical Activity and Health

Biology is the study of life and living organisms, encompassing their structure, processes, interactions, mechanisms, development, and evolution.
Physical activity is any skeletal muscle movement increasing caloric expenditure above resting energy expenditure (REE).
Health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease.

Importance of Understanding Physical Activity's Role in Health

Understanding the link between physical activity and health is crucial for disease prevention and management.
Physical inactivity contributes significantly to chronic diseases.

Leading Causes of Death (2022) and Chronic Diseases

Leading causes of death in the US (2022) include heart disease, malignant neoplasms (cancer), accidents, and COVID-19.
Chronic diseases account for a substantial proportion (3/4) of healthcare expenditure in the US.
Projections indicate chronic diseases' costs will reach $47 trillion by 2030.

Chronic Diseases: Definition and Examples

Chronic diseases develop over time and are often caused by a combination of genetics and lifestyle factors, exposing people to risk factors.
Chronic diseases are generally ongoing, impacting the body's physiological systems even if symptoms lessen.
Examples include Type II diabetes; other diseases not specifically named in the text are likely included within the "other" category in the mortality data.

The Impact of Physical Activity on Health

Physical activity's benefits include disease prevention and reversal of the disease mechanisms within the body.
Physical activity influences the underlying physiology.
Physical inactivity leads to increased risk of chronic diseases (e.g., type II diabetes, heart disease, certain cancers) and significantly impacts healthcare costs.

The Role of Physical Activity in Preventing Chronic Diseases

Physical activity alters the underlying pathophysiology of diseases to prevent or manage their progression.
Physical activity has a fundamental role in reducing chronic disease related mortality and impact.

Physical Activity and Its Adaptations

Physical activity influences biological and physiological adaptations.
These adaptations positively impact health.

Physical Activity Levels and Disease Rates

Higher levels of physical activity correlate with lower rates of chronic diseases.
The prevalence of physical inactivity is notable and is a significant contributor to chronic diseases, and thus morbidity and mortality.
Inactivity has been shown to increase medical costs.

Study Guide Questions

Biological Bases of Physical Activity and Health: Definition of the term.
Chronic Disease: Definition of the term.
Specific Chronic Diseases Prevented by Physical Activity: List some chronic diseases.
Importance of Physical Activity in Chronic Diseases: Explanation of the role of physical activity.
Relationship Between Physical Activity and Disease Rates: Description of the correlation.

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Description

Explore the fundamental concepts connecting biology, physical activity, and health. This quiz delves into the importance of physical activity in preventing chronic diseases and enhancing overall well-being. Understand how skeletal movement influences health and disease management.