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Questions and Answers
What process drives evolution?
Natural selection
Which of the following are the three principles of natural selection?
Biological evolution refers to changes in genes and inherited traits over generations.
True
Who lived about 2.4 to 1.4 million years ago?
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The species that lived from about 1.9 million to 110,000 years ago was ___ .
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What significant behavioral trait did Neanderthals display?
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What is the approximate age of Homo sapiens?
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Which modern human development marked the advance in communication?
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Study Notes
Biological Evolution
- Refers to changes in inherited traits of living organisms over generations.
- Includes changes in human bone shape and size.
Cultural Evolution
- How cultures change and become more complex over time.
- Looks at evolving human ways of life.
Natural Selection
- Drives evolution by increasing traits that help organisms survive and reproduce.
- Three Principles: Variations, Heritability, Differential reproductive success.
Tools
- In early stages, humans used simple wooden sticks > attached heavy rocks for hammers > metal knives.
- Reflects progress in tool development and human ingenuity.
Language
- Early humans used simple gestures and sounds > evolved to spoken words > written symbols.
- Shows the development of communication.
Homo Habilis
- Lived 2.4 to 1.4 million years ago.
- Small brain, ape-like features.
- Used basic stone tools.
Homo Erectus
- Lived 1.9 million to 110,000 years ago.
- Larger brain.
- Made better tools, including hand axes.
- More modern body shape.
Neanderthals
- Appeared 400,000 years ago, lasted until 40,000 years ago.
- Had larger brains, built for cold weather.
- Made advanced tools.
- Buried their dead, suggesting complex social lives.
Homo Sapiens
- Modern humans evolved around 300,000 years ago.
- Larger brains, advanced tools, complex language and art.
- Spread from Africa, mixed with other human species.
Bicultural and Social Evolution
- Focuses on how social structures and norms evolve.
- Includes shifts in family roles, political systems, and economic practices.
- Ability of species to adapt and grow through cultural exchanges and internal social changes.
Lenski's Theory
- Gerhard Lenski argued that social evolution impacts how societies are organized, and how power and resources are distributed.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the principles of biological and cultural evolution. This quiz covers topics like natural selection, tool development, communication evolution, and early human species. Explore how these elements shaped the course of human history.
