Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which hominin species is best associated with the ability to withstand cold temperatures?
Which hominin species is best associated with the ability to withstand cold temperatures?
- Homo Sapiens
- Homo Habilis
- Australopithecus
- Homo Neanderthalensis (correct)
In the context of early civilizations, what geographical feature did the Sumerian civilization and the Egyptian civilization have in common?
In the context of early civilizations, what geographical feature did the Sumerian civilization and the Egyptian civilization have in common?
- Abundant natural resources such as timber
- Location in mountainous regions for defense
- Proximity to major rivers for agriculture (correct)
- Access to extensive coastlines for trade
Which of the following best describes the transition from horticultural/pastoral societies to agricultural societies?
Which of the following best describes the transition from horticultural/pastoral societies to agricultural societies?
- A move toward larger-scale farming using animal-powered tools, like wagons. (correct)
- A decrease in community decision-making and governance
- An increase in nomadic lifestyles and decreased settlement sizes
- A shift from animal-powered tools to steam-powered machinery
According to Ferdinand Tonnies, industrial societies are categorized into:
According to Ferdinand Tonnies, industrial societies are categorized into:
How did the Sumerians contribute to the development of written language?
How did the Sumerians contribute to the development of written language?
Which of the following is a key characteristic of hunting and gathering societies?
Which of the following is a key characteristic of hunting and gathering societies?
What aspect is a defining characteristic of post-industrial societies?
What aspect is a defining characteristic of post-industrial societies?
What role did animals play in the development of agricultural societies?
What role did animals play in the development of agricultural societies?
Which civilization is known for building pyramids as tombs for their rulers?
Which civilization is known for building pyramids as tombs for their rulers?
What was a significant political development during the Shang Dynasty in China?
What was a significant political development during the Shang Dynasty in China?
Flashcards
Charles Darwin's contribution
Charles Darwin's contribution
Process by which all living organisms adapt and change over time, driven by natural selection.
Homo Habilis
Homo Habilis
An early hominid, known as the 'handy man' due to their tool-making abilities
Homo Sapiens
Homo Sapiens
Humans with cognitive skills or intelligence.
Nuclear family
Nuclear family
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Hunting and Gathering societies
Hunting and Gathering societies
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Agricultural Societies
Agricultural Societies
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Industrial Societies
Industrial Societies
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The Sumerian Civilization
The Sumerian Civilization
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Indus Valley Civilization
Indus Valley Civilization
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Shang Civilization of China
Shang Civilization of China
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Study Notes
- Module 3
Biological and Cultural Evolution
- Charles Darwin proposed the concept of natural selection, where all living organisms adapt and change over time.
Human Evolution (AHENS)
- Australopithecus is considered an ape.
- Homo Habilis is referred to as the handy man.
- Homo Neanderthalensis (Neanderthal) could withstand cold temperatures.
- Homo Sapiens possess cognitive skills or intelligence.
Natural Selection
- Nuclear families involve a traditional structure with father, mother, and children living together.
- Extended families include grandparents, uncles, and aunts
Cultural Evolution on Socialcultural Evolution
- Hunting and Gathering societies are nomadic and lack a permanent address, using spears and axes.
- Horticultural and Pastoral societies utilize plants and animals as tools. Pastoral societies have a council of elders.
- Agricultural societies cultivate big fields using animal-powered wagons.
- Industrial societies emerged in the 1760s with the first machines powered by steam and water.
Mass Production
- Ferdinand Tonnies divided societies into two categories.
- Gemeinschaft is a community with intimate relationships.
- Gesellschaft is a society with large scale relationships.
Post Industrial Societies
- Characterized by technology.
Political Evolution and the Development of Early Evolution
Four Major Civilizations
- The Sumerian Civilization was located in Mesopotamia (Iraq). They developed the first writing system (cuneiform) and were situated between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers in west China.
- The Indus Valley Civilization was located in India, specifically the Indus River Valley, with Harrapan as a key city.
- The Shang Civilization of China was known for mathematics and chariots, and was near the Huang Hi/Huang He River (China's Sorrow).
- The Egyptian Civilization built pyramids for pharaohs, mastaba tombs for high-ranking officials, and was located along the Nile River.
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