32 Questions
What are the two types of lymphocytes in the lymphoid lineage?
B cells and T cells
What is the definition of effector lymphocytes?
Fully functional lymphocytes that differentiate from naïve lymphocytes after activation by antigen
What are the key steps of the cellular defense of innate immunity?
Recognition, Activation, Antigen presentation
What are hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow?
Stem cells responsible for producing blood cells
What do naïve lymphocytes refer to?
Lymphocytes with no specific antigens
Which type of immunity involves lymphocytes that have undergone normal development in the bone marrow and thymus?
Adaptive immunity
Where does B cell development primarily occur?
Bone marrow
What is the primary effector function of CD8+ cytotoxic T cells?
Intracellular infection by viruses
Which recognition protein do B cells express against antigens?
Immunoglobulin (Ig)
What is the location of the thymus in the human body?
Upper chest beneath the breastbone
Which type of immunity involves lymphocytes that have undergone normal development in the bone marrow and thymus?
Adaptive immunity
What is the function of secondary (peripheral) lymphoid organs?
Initiate adaptive immune response
What is the primary function of effector lymphocytes?
"Attacking" pathogens or infected cells
Which cells are more sensitive to antigens than naïve lymphocytes?
"Memory" lymphocytes
What does TCR stand for in T cells?
"T Cell Receptor"
"Immunoglobulin (Ig)" and "antibody" are used interchangeably. What is the other form of Ig besides the secreted form?
"Membrane-bound" form
What are the effector functions of B lymphocytes?
Secretion of antibody to bind pathogens or their toxins in the extracellular space of the body
What is the primary effector function of CD4+ helper T cells?
B cell and macrophage activation
Where is the location of the thymus in the human body?
Upper chest beneath the breastbone
What is the function of secondary (peripheral) lymphoid organs?
Initiate adaptive immune response
What is the primary effector function of CD8+ cytotoxic T cells?
Intracellular infection by viruses
Which recognition protein do B cells express against antigens?
Immunoglobulin (Ig)
What are the two types of lymphocytes in the lymphoid lineage?
B lymphocytes (B cells) and T lymphocytes (T cells)
What does TCR stand for in T cells?
T cell receptor
What are memory lymphocytes more sensitive to than naïve lymphocytes?
Antigens
What is the primary location of B cell development?
Bone marrow
What are the primary effector cells of the adaptive immune system?
B lymphocytes (B cells) and T lymphocytes (T cells)
Define effector lymphocytes and differentiate them from naïve lymphocytes.
Effector lymphocytes are fully functional lymphocytes that differentiate from naïve lymphocytes after activation by antigen, and can mediate the removal of pathogens without further differentiation. Naïve lymphocytes are mature but have never encountered their specific antigens.
Explain the significance of the term 'naïve lymphocytes' in the context of the immune system.
Naïve lymphocytes are mature lymphocytes that have undergone normal development in the bone marrow and thymus but have never encountered their specific antigens.
What is the primary function of effector lymphocytes in the immune response?
The primary function of effector lymphocytes is to mediate the removal of pathogens without further differentiation after activation by antigen.
Explain the role of hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow in the context of the immune system.
Hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow give rise to all blood cells, including immune cells, and are crucial for the continuous generation of immune cells.
What are the key steps of the cellular defense of innate immunity?
The key steps of the cellular defense of innate immunity include recognition of pathogens, activation of immune cells, and initiation of an inflammatory response.
Test your knowledge about the components of the immune system and the key steps of cellular defense in innate immunity with this quiz. The quiz covers topics from Chapter 1 (page 16-22) and Chapter 2 (page 37-49) including hematopoietic stem cells, classification of immune cells, and more.
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