Questions and Answers
What is the anatomical name for the jawbone?
What is the name of the forehead bone?
What is the name given to the eye socket?
Which vertebra is known as C1?
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Which structure articulates with the inferior articular facet of L4?
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Which vertebra is referred to as the atlas?
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What structural feature distinguishes cervical vertebrae from other regions?
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How many true ribs are present in the human body?
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What is the primary function of the annulus fibrosis in intervertebral discs?
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Which type of ribs has no attachment to the sternum?
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What is the anatomical name for the jelly-like inner portion of intervertebral discs?
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What distinguishes thoracic vertebrae from lumbar vertebrae?
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What feature of lumbar vertebrae makes them particularly suited for supporting the upper body?
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Study Notes
Axial Skeleton
- Comprises bones of the skull, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum.
Skull Bones
- Frontal Bone: Forms the forehead.
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Temporal Bone: Located at the sides of the skull, contains structures related to hearing.
- Mastoid Process: Bony prominence behind the ear.
- External Auditory Meatus: Canal leading to the inner ear.
- Parietal Bone: Forms the top and sides of the skull.
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Occipital Bone: Forms the back of the skull.
- Foramen Magnum: Large opening for spinal cord passage.
- Sphenoid Bone: Butterfly-shaped bone that forms part of the cranial floor.
- Ethmoid Bone: Contributes to the nasal cavity and orbits.
- Vomer Bone: Forms part of the nasal septum.
- Nasal Bone: Forms the bridge of the nose.
- Maxilla: Upper jawbone, holding upper teeth.
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Mandible: Lower jawbone, only movable bone of the skull.
- Ramus: Vertical part of the mandible.
- Lacrimal Bone: Small bone forming part of the eye socket.
- Palatine Bone: Forms part of the hard palate of the mouth.
- Zygomatic Bone: Cheekbone, contributing to the orbit.
- Hyoid Bone: U-shaped bone in the neck, supports the tongue.
Vertebral Column
- Composed of cervical (C1-C7), thoracic (T1-T12), lumbar (L1-L5), sacral (S1-S5), and coccygeal vertebrae (3).
Cervical Vertebrae
- Atlas (C1): Supports the skull, lacks a vertebral body.
- Axis (C2): Features the dens (odontoid process) allowing head rotation.
Vertebral Structure
- Vertebral Body: Weight-bearing portion.
- Vertebral Foramen: Canal for spinal cord.
- Spinous Processes: Bony projections where muscles attach.
- Transverse Processes: Lateral extensions for muscle attachment.
- Lamina: Connects spinous and transverse processes.
- Pedicle: Connects the body to the lamina.
- Vertebral Arch: Encircles the vertebral foramen.
- Articular Facets: Connect adjacent vertebrae for stability.
Intervertebral Discs
- Nucleus Pulposus: Inner gel-like core, shock absorber.
- Annulus Fibrosis: Outer ring, contains nucleus and distributes pressure.
Ribs and Sternum
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Types of Ribs:
- True Ribs (7): Directly attach to sternum via costal cartilage.
- False Ribs (3): Indirectly attach through shared cartilage.
- Floating Ribs (2): No sternum attachment.
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Sternum:
- Jugular Notch: Central notch at the top.
- Manubrium: Upper portion of the sternum.
- Body: Central portion.
- Xiphoid Process: Small, lower segment of the sternum.
Review Questions
- Anatomical name for jawbone: Mandible.
- Forehead bone: Frontal.
- Eye socket name: Orbit.
- Anatomical name for the C1 vertebra: Atlas.
- Inner jelly of intervertebral discs: Nucleus pulposus.
- Number of thoracic vertebrae: 12.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the axial skeleton in Human Anatomy & Physiology I for Health Sciences. This quiz covers key bones including the frontal bone, temporal bone, mandible, and more. Get ready to identify anatomical structures and review their importance.
