BiOL  (  )  CorAL  S tUdy  G rOUp  Q Uiz  

The inputs for oxidative phosphorylation are NADH and FADH2, which are electron carriers carrying high-energy electrons, and ADP (adenosine diphosphate) and inorganic phosphate (Pi), which are the building blocks of ATP.

The outputs of oxidative phosphorylation are ATP (adenosine triphosphate), which is the main energy currency of the cell, and water (H2O), which is a byproduct of the process.

The electron donor in oxidative phosphorylation is NADH and FADH2. They contain high-energy electrons that are passed along the electron transport chain, releasing energy used to pump protons across the membrane.

The final electron acceptor in oxidative phosphorylation is oxygen (O2). It receives the low-energy electrons at the end of the electron transport chain and combines with hydrogen ions to form water.

Corals belong to the phylum Cnidaria, which includes other invertebrates like jellyfish, sea anemones, and hydroids.

A symbiotic community formed by a coral animal and its associated organisms, including algae, bacteria, and fungi.

A phylum of aquatic invertebrates that includes jellyfish, corals, sea anemones, and hydroids. They are characterized by stinging cells called cnidocytes.

Specialized stinging cells found in cnidarians, containing nematocysts.

The stinging capsule within a cnidocyte, containing a coiled, thread-like tube that can inject toxins.

The long-term shift in global weather patterns, primarily driven by increased greenhouse gas emissions, causing rising temperatures, sea levels, and ocean acidification.

A sessile (attached) body form of cnidarians, characterized by a cylindrical shape with a mouth surrounded by tentacles.

The continuous movement of carbon atoms between the atmosphere, oceans, rocks, and living organisms. It governs how carbon is stored and released in various forms.

A free-floating, bell-shaped body form of cnidarians, with tentacles hanging down from the underside.

The process by which atmospheric nitrogen gas (N2) is converted into ammonia (NH3), a form usable by plants and other organisms. It's a crucial step in the nitrogen cycle.

An organism's mode of obtaining energy by consuming other organisms for nutrients. They cannot produce their own food.

Single-celled algae that live within the tissues of corals and other marine invertebrates, providing them with nutrients through photosynthesis.

The main component of coral skeletons, secreted by polyps.

An organism's mode of obtaining energy by producing its own food through photosynthesis. They use sunlight and inorganic materials for growth.

The process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria convert light energy from the sun into chemical energy (sugars). This is the foundation of most food chains.

The process by which cells break down sugars to release energy in the form of ATP, providing energy for various life functions.

The release of gases like carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) into the atmosphere, primarily from human activities.

Human activities, particularly burning fossil fuels and deforestation, are the primary drivers of climate change.

The process of decreasing pH in ocean water due to the absorption of carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere.

The loss of color and eventually death of corals due to stress, often caused by ocean acidification and rising temperatures.

A natural or artificial system that stores carbon, such as oceans, forests, and soil.

Oceans absorb a significant portion of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2), playing a crucial role in mitigating climate change.

The ability of a system to resist changes in pH, preventing rapid shifts in acidity or alkalinity.

Increased water temperatures due to climate change are the primary cause. Other factors include pollution, overfishing, and disease.

If the stress is temporary, corals may recover as zooxanthellae return. However, prolonged stress can lead to coral death, overgrown by algae.

Seawater with a lower pH value. It occurs due to increased carbon dioxide absorption from the atmosphere.

As more carbon dioxide is absorbed into seawater, the pH becomes more acidic.

Both CO2 levels and seawater pH show an increasing trend over time. This is because increased CO2 absorption causes the ocean to become more acidic.

The increasing absorption of carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere is the primary cause of the observed pattern in seawater pH.