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Questions and Answers
What is the primary focus of microtaxonomy?
What is the primary focus of microtaxonomy?
- Classifying organisms at the kingdom level
- Understanding the ecological adaptations of entire ecosystems
- Classifying and categorizing organisms at the species level (correct)
- Studying the evolution of species over time
What is the lowest rank in the biological hierarchy?
What is the lowest rank in the biological hierarchy?
- Species (correct)
- Domain
- Genus
- Family
In the plant kingdom, what are the possible subranks below the species level?
In the plant kingdom, what are the possible subranks below the species level?
- Subspecies, orders, and classes
- Subspecies and varieties
- Subspecies, genera, and families
- Subspecies, varieties, and forms (correct)
What is the main difference between subspecies and varieties in plant systematics?
What is the main difference between subspecies and varieties in plant systematics?
What is the primary goal of infraspecific categorization?
What is the primary goal of infraspecific categorization?
What is the term for the study of the subtle variations, morphological traits, and genetic differences among individuals or populations within a species?
What is the term for the study of the subtle variations, morphological traits, and genetic differences among individuals or populations within a species?
What is the earliest used botanical category below the species level?
What is the earliest used botanical category below the species level?
Who recognized subspecies in botany?
Who recognized subspecies in botany?
What is the term used by Linnaeus to describe a plant changed by accidental causes?
What is the term used by Linnaeus to describe a plant changed by accidental causes?
In which year did Linnaeus first recognize variations?
In which year did Linnaeus first recognize variations?
Who is credited with recognizing subspecies in zoology?
Who is credited with recognizing subspecies in zoology?
What is the correct order of infraspecific ranks from most general to most specific?
What is the correct order of infraspecific ranks from most general to most specific?
Who first used the term 'form' in botany?
Who first used the term 'form' in botany?
What is the primary reason for the classification of a plant into a variety according to Linnaeus?
What is the primary reason for the classification of a plant into a variety according to Linnaeus?
Who is credited with using the rank of subspecies in botanical literature for the first time?
Who is credited with using the rank of subspecies in botanical literature for the first time?
What was the outcome of Christiaan Hendrik Persoon's use of the term subspecies?
What was the outcome of Christiaan Hendrik Persoon's use of the term subspecies?
In what year did Christiaan Hendrik Persoon validly publish names of subspecies in his Synopsis Methodica Fungorum?
In what year did Christiaan Hendrik Persoon validly publish names of subspecies in his Synopsis Methodica Fungorum?
Who is credited with the first usage of the term 'forma' or 'form' in botanical literature?
Who is credited with the first usage of the term 'forma' or 'form' in botanical literature?
What was Asa Gray's reference to the term 'forma' or 'form' in the second edition of his Manual?
What was Asa Gray's reference to the term 'forma' or 'form' in the second edition of his Manual?
Why do some plant taxonomists not use the category 'forma' in a formal scheme of classification?
Why do some plant taxonomists not use the category 'forma' in a formal scheme of classification?
What is the main reason why Friedrich Ehrhart's definition and usage of subspecies were overlooked or ignored by subsequent botanists?
What is the main reason why Friedrich Ehrhart's definition and usage of subspecies were overlooked or ignored by subsequent botanists?
What was the significance of Christiaan Hendrik Persoon's Synopsis Plantarum (1805-1807) in the context of subspecies?
What was the significance of Christiaan Hendrik Persoon's Synopsis Plantarum (1805-1807) in the context of subspecies?
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Study Notes
Microtaxonomy
- Focuses on the classification and categorization of organisms at the species level
- Involves the study of subtle variations, morphological traits, genetic differences, and ecological adaptations among individuals or populations within a species
Infraspecific Ranks
- Subspecies, variety, and form are subranks under the species level in the biological hierarchy
- Subspecies: used in both animal and plant kingdoms
- Variety: used in plant kingdom
- Form: used in plant kingdom
History of Infraspecific Categorization
- Carolus Linnaeus (1751) recognized varieties in botany
- Friedrich Ehrhart (1780-1789) used the rank of subspecies in botanical literature
- Christiaan Hendrik Persoon (1805) used the term subspecies in his Synopsis Plantarum
- Friedrich Anton Wilhelm Miquel (1843) used the term form or forma
- Henry Bates (1861) recognized subspecies in zoology
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