BIOL 1500 Lecture 16: Introduction to Plant Biodiversity
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Questions and Answers

What is the main function of the G1 phase in the cell cycle?

  • Produce protein, RNA, lipid, etc for normal functioning (correct)
  • Produce molecules required for mitosis
  • Prepare for DNA Replication
  • Organize DNA into chromosomes

What is the key process that occurs during the S phase of the cell cycle?

  • Cell growth
  • Organizing DNA into chromatids
  • DNA Replication (correct)
  • Preparation for Cell Division

What are replicated chromosomes called?

  • Sister Chromatids
  • Homologous Chromosomes
  • Chromatids (correct)
  • Non-sister Chromatids

During DNA Replication, what do sister chromatids refer to?

<p>Identical DNA strands within a chromosome (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a pair of replicated Chromosome A called?

<p>Homologous Chromosomes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the G2 phase, what is the primary focus of cell growth for?

<p>Mitosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of cell division in eukaryotic cells?

<p>Reproduction, Tissue Renewal Repair, Growth and development (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which type of cell division do eukaryotic cells divide to produce germ cells like sperm and egg?

<p>Meiosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of bacterial and archaeal cell division through binary fission?

<p>Production of clones (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cell division is responsible for the growth and development of organisms?

<p>Mitosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of mitosis in eukaryotic cells?

<p>Tissue Renewal and Repair (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does asexual reproduction differ from sexual reproduction in terms of genetic diversity?

<p>Sexual reproduction creates genetically unique offspring. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nucleotide pairs in DNA are held together by 3 hydrogen bonds?

<p>G-C (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In DNA replication, where are new nucleotides added?

<p>3' end (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What enzyme is responsible for separating the two DNA strands during DNA replication?

<p>Helicase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In eukaryotes, how many origins of replication are typically present?

<p>Hundreds to thousands (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What initiates the DNA replication process by recognizing a specific nucleotide sequence at the origin of replication?

<p>Initiating proteins (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which direction does the leading strand replicate during DNA replication?

<p>5' to 3' (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of photosynthesis?

<p>To convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose using sunlight (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the role of chloroplasts in photosynthesis?

<p>Chloroplasts absorb light energy to facilitate photosynthesis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to pigment molecules during photosynthesis?

<p>They convert light energy into chemical energy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is oxygen produced as a by-product of photosynthesis?

<p>As a result of splitting water molecules during photosynthesis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration?

<p>Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are opposite processes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does it mean for an electron to be in an 'excited state' during photosynthesis?

<p>It has absorbed energy and moved to a higher energy level (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In DNA replication, why is an RNA primer necessary?

<p>To provide a starting point for DNA nucleotides to attach (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is responsible for adding new nucleotides to the 3’ end of the RNA primer or the growing daughter strand?

<p>DNA Polymerase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of DNA Polymerase in DNA replication?

<p>Catalyze the addition of new nucleotides to the 3’ end (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does DNA replication proceed in opposite directions on the leading and lagging strands?

<p>Due to the antiparallel nature of DNA strands (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are Okazaki Fragments in DNA replication?

<p>Sections of DNA plus attached RNA primers on the lagging strand (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are Okazaki Fragments joined together to complete DNA replication?

<p>Via phosphodiester bonds between DNA fragments (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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