BIOL 1500 Lecture 16: Introduction to Plant Biodiversity

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What is the main function of the G1 phase in the cell cycle?

Produce protein, RNA, lipid, etc for normal functioning (correct)

Produce molecules required for mitosis

Prepare for DNA Replication

Organize DNA into chromosomes

What is the key process that occurs during the S phase of the cell cycle?

Cell growth

Organizing DNA into chromatids

DNA Replication (correct)

Preparation for Cell Division

What are replicated chromosomes called?

Sister Chromatids

Homologous Chromosomes

Chromatids (correct)

Non-sister Chromatids

During DNA Replication, what do sister chromatids refer to?

Identical DNA strands within a chromosome Signup and view all the answers

What is a pair of replicated Chromosome A called?

Homologous Chromosomes Signup and view all the answers

In the G2 phase, what is the primary focus of cell growth for?

Mitosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of cell division in eukaryotic cells?

Reproduction, Tissue Renewal Repair, Growth and development Signup and view all the answers

In which type of cell division do eukaryotic cells divide to produce germ cells like sperm and egg?

Meiosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of bacterial and archaeal cell division through binary fission?

Production of clones Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cell division is responsible for the growth and development of organisms?

Mitosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of mitosis in eukaryotic cells?

Tissue Renewal and Repair Signup and view all the answers

How does asexual reproduction differ from sexual reproduction in terms of genetic diversity?

Sexual reproduction creates genetically unique offspring. Signup and view all the answers

Which nucleotide pairs in DNA are held together by 3 hydrogen bonds?

G-C Signup and view all the answers

In DNA replication, where are new nucleotides added?

3' end Signup and view all the answers

What enzyme is responsible for separating the two DNA strands during DNA replication?

Helicase Signup and view all the answers

In eukaryotes, how many origins of replication are typically present?

Hundreds to thousands Signup and view all the answers

What initiates the DNA replication process by recognizing a specific nucleotide sequence at the origin of replication?

Initiating proteins Signup and view all the answers

In which direction does the leading strand replicate during DNA replication?

5' to 3' Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of photosynthesis?

To convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose using sunlight Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the role of chloroplasts in photosynthesis?

Chloroplasts absorb light energy to facilitate photosynthesis Signup and view all the answers

What happens to pigment molecules during photosynthesis?

They convert light energy into chemical energy Signup and view all the answers

Why is oxygen produced as a by-product of photosynthesis?

As a result of splitting water molecules during photosynthesis Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration?

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are opposite processes Signup and view all the answers

What does it mean for an electron to be in an 'excited state' during photosynthesis?

It has absorbed energy and moved to a higher energy level Signup and view all the answers

In DNA replication, why is an RNA primer necessary?

To provide a starting point for DNA nucleotides to attach Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is responsible for adding new nucleotides to the 3’ end of the RNA primer or the growing daughter strand?

DNA Polymerase Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of DNA Polymerase in DNA replication?

Catalyze the addition of new nucleotides to the 3’ end Signup and view all the answers

Why does DNA replication proceed in opposite directions on the leading and lagging strands?

Due to the antiparallel nature of DNA strands Signup and view all the answers

What are Okazaki Fragments in DNA replication?

Sections of DNA plus attached RNA primers on the lagging strand Signup and view all the answers

How are Okazaki Fragments joined together to complete DNA replication?

Via phosphodiester bonds between DNA fragments Signup and view all the answers