Biography of Prophet Muhammad Overview

Study Notes

Key Events in the Biography of Prophet Muhammad

Birth (570 CE)
- Born in Mecca, in the Arabian Peninsula.
- Belonged to the Quraysh tribe, known for its prestige and trade.
Early Life
- Orphaned at a young age; raised by his grandfather and later by his uncle.
- Worked as a shepherd and later as a merchant, earning a reputation for honesty (Al-Amin).
Marriage to Khadijah (595 CE)
- Married Khadijah, a wealthy widow, who supported him financially and emotionally.
- They had several children, including Fatimah.
First Revelation (610 CE)
- At age 40, Muhammad received his first revelation from the Angel Gabriel in the Cave of Hira.
- This marked the beginning of his prophethood and the message of Islam.
Public Preaching (613 CE)
- Began publicly preaching Islam, emphasizing monotheism and social justice.
- Faced opposition from the Quraysh leaders due to his teachings.
Migration to Abyssinia (615 CE)
- A group of early Muslims fled to Abyssinia (modern-day Ethiopia) to escape persecution.
- They were granted asylum by the Christian King, Negus.
Night Journey and Ascension (621 CE)
- Experienced the Isra and Mi'raj, a miraculous night journey to Jerusalem and ascension to the heavens.
- Received instructions on daily prayers during this event.
Constitution of Medina (622 CE)
- Migrated to Medina (Hijrah) after facing severe persecution in Mecca.
- Established a multi-religious society and created the Constitution of Medina, outlining rights and duties of all citizens.
Battles of Badr (624 CE)
- First major battle between Muslims and Quraysh, resulting in a significant Muslim victory.
- Strengthened the Muslim community and solidified Muhammad's leadership.
Battle of Uhud (625 CE)
- Muslims faced defeat due to strategic errors, leading to significant losses.
- Muhammad was injured but continued to lead and support his followers.
Treaty of Hudaybiyyah (628 CE)
- A peace treaty between Muslims and Quraysh allowing Muslims to perform pilgrimage.
- Established a period of peace, enabling the spread of Islam.
Conquest of Mecca (630 CE)
- Muhammad and his followers peacefully conquered Mecca.
- Cleansed the Kaaba of idols and established it as a center of Islamic worship.
Farewell Pilgrimage (632 CE)
- Delivered a final sermon during the Hajj, emphasizing equality and justice.
- Set forth key principles for the Muslim community.
Death (632 CE)
- Passed away in Medina at the age of 63.
- Buried in the chamber of his wife Aisha in Medina, which is now part of the Prophet's Mosque.

Key Events in the Biography of Prophet Muhammad

Born in 570 CE in Mecca, Arabian Peninsula; belonged to the prestigious Quraysh tribe, known for trade.
Orphaned early; raised by grandfather and uncle; worked as a shepherd, then as a merchant, earning the title Al-Amin for his honesty.
Married Khadijah in 595 CE, a wealthy widow who provided emotional and financial support; had several children, including daughter Fatimah.
Received first revelation from Angel Gabriel at age 40 in the Cave of Hira; began his role as a prophet, marking the start of Islam.
Publicly preached Islam starting in 613 CE, focusing on monotheism and social justice; faced hostility from Quraysh leaders.
In 615 CE, a group of early Muslims migrated to Abyssinia (Ethiopia) to escape persecution, receiving asylum from the Christian King Negus.
Experienced Isra and Mi'raj in 621 CE, a night journey to Jerusalem and ascension to the heavens; received guidance on daily prayers.
Migrated to Medina in 622 CE due to persecution; established a multi-religious society and created the Constitution of Medina, defining citizen rights and duties.
Led the Muslims to victory in the Battle of Badr in 624 CE, the first significant battle against the Quraysh, which strengthened his leadership.
Faced defeat in the Battle of Uhud in 625 CE; strategic errors led to heavy losses, and Muhammad was injured yet remained committed to his followers.
Signed the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah in 628 CE, allowing Muslims to perform pilgrimage and establishing a peaceful period for the spread of Islam.
Conquered Mecca peacefully in 630 CE; cleansed the Kaaba of idols, establishing it as the central place of worship for Muslims.
Delivered a final sermon during the Farewell Pilgrimage in 632 CE, emphasizing principles of equality and justice in the Muslim community.
Passed away in Medina in 632 CE at age 63; buried in the chamber of his wife Aisha, now part of the Prophet's Mosque.

Description

This quiz covers key events in the life of Prophet Muhammad, from his birth in Mecca to his first revelation and the beginning of his prophethood. Explore significant milestones, including his marriage to Khadijah and his public preaching of Islam, highlighting the challenges he faced. Test your knowledge on this pivotal figure in Islamic history.