12 Questions
What is the origin of the term 'bioethics'?
Ancient Greek words 'bios' and 'ethos'
Who revived the term 'bioethics' in 1970?
Van Rensselaer Potter
What does the term 'ethics' mean?
All of the above
What is the focus of bioethics in the Philippines?
Study of morality in human conduct in relation to health
What is the meaning of the Greek word 'ethos'?
Custom, character, or behavior
Who wrote the published work 'Bio-Ethics: A Review of the Ethical Relation of Humans to Animal and Plants'?
Paul Max Fritz Jahr
What is the primary focus of Normative Ethics?
Setting norms or standards for conduct
What is the main distinction between Meta-Ethics and other ethical theories?
It is concerned with the nature of moral judgments
Which bioethical principle is related to avoiding harm?
Principle of Nonmaleficence
What is the role of Rules in Ethics?
Guiding individuals to act in conformity with a law or policy
What is the product of learned codes of conduct and cognitive evaluation of each situation?
Judgement
What is the practical application of what the conscious mind dictates whether or not the action is right or wrong?
Common Sense
Study Notes
Bioethics Origins
- Bioethics originates from Greek words "bios" and "ethos", which mean life and morality, respectively.
- The concept of bioethics dates back to 400 BC, during the time of Hippocrates.
Ethics Definition
- Ethics is a branch of philosophy that deals with the morality of human conduct.
- Quality of human act is called morality.
- Ethics is derived from the ancient Greek word "ethos", which means custom, character, or behavior.
Categories of Ethical Theories
- Normative Ethics: seeks to set norms or standards for conduct, used to discuss general theories about what one ought to do.
- Meta-Ethics: also known as analytical ethics, deals with questions about the nature of moral judgments, such as whether they are objective or subjective.
- Applied Ethics: application of normative ethical theories to practical problems, definite application of ethics to a specific bioethical issue.
Bioethical Principles
Basic Bioethical Principles
- Stewardship Principle
- Totality Principle
- Double Effect Principle
- Principle of Cooperation
Major Bioethical Principles
- Principle of Respect for Autonomy
- Principle of Beneficence
- Principle of Nonmaleficence
- Principle of Justice
Components and Types of Ethics
- Rules: set of laws or orders that may penalize wrongdoing, guide individuals to act in conformity with a law, ordinance, directive, or policy.
- Standard: can be considered social policies, example - social policy of prohibiting same-sex marriage.
- Principles: evaluated against a standard rule, example - social policy of no same-sex marriage justified by lawful orders.
- Judgement: product of learned codes of conduct and cognitive evaluation of each situation, example - determining whether an act or omission constitutes robbery.
- Common Sense: practical application of what the conscious mind dictates, product of cognitive, practical, and critical thinking.
- Values: not explicitly defined but implied as a component of ethics.
- Public Interest: not explicitly defined but implied as a component of ethics.
Explore the roots of bioethics, from its Greek origins to its modern revival. Learn about the integration of biology and ethics, and the contributions of key figures like Hippocrates and Van Rensselaer Potter.
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