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Questions and Answers
Which feature is unique to plant cells compared to animal cells?
Which feature is unique to plant cells compared to animal cells?
Which type of organism primarily thrives in high-temperature environments?
Which type of organism primarily thrives in high-temperature environments?
What characteristic distinguishes vascular plants from nonvascular plants?
What characteristic distinguishes vascular plants from nonvascular plants?
What is the primary method through which nonvascular plants transport nutrients?
What is the primary method through which nonvascular plants transport nutrients?
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Which of the following groups includes organisms that produce methane gas?
Which of the following groups includes organisms that produce methane gas?
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What is a common characteristic of all protists?
What is a common characteristic of all protists?
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How do fungi primarily differ from plants?
How do fungi primarily differ from plants?
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What is a defining feature of invertebrates?
What is a defining feature of invertebrates?
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What is the primary reason viruses are classified as non-living entities?
What is the primary reason viruses are classified as non-living entities?
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Which stage of the lytic cycle involves the integration of viral DNA into the host cell's DNA?
Which stage of the lytic cycle involves the integration of viral DNA into the host cell's DNA?
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Which characteristic of bacilli allows for greater nutrient absorption compared to other bacterial shapes?
Which characteristic of bacilli allows for greater nutrient absorption compared to other bacterial shapes?
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What function does the gelatin-like capsule of a typical bacterium serve?
What function does the gelatin-like capsule of a typical bacterium serve?
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Which of the following structures in bacteria is primarily responsible for protein synthesis?
Which of the following structures in bacteria is primarily responsible for protein synthesis?
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Which statement accurately describes the role of the flagellum in bacteria?
Which statement accurately describes the role of the flagellum in bacteria?
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Which term refers to the system of naming organisms by genus and species?
Which term refers to the system of naming organisms by genus and species?
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What occurs to the host cell at the end of the lytic cycle?
What occurs to the host cell at the end of the lytic cycle?
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What does the term 'autotroph' refer to?
What does the term 'autotroph' refer to?
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What is the function of the bacterial cell membrane?
What is the function of the bacterial cell membrane?
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Which of the following is part of the alteration of generations in plants?
Which of the following is part of the alteration of generations in plants?
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Which structure in plant cells is responsible for photosynthesis?
Which structure in plant cells is responsible for photosynthesis?
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What characteristic do all animals have in common?
What characteristic do all animals have in common?
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According to the endosymbiosis theory, what did mitochondria evolve from?
According to the endosymbiosis theory, what did mitochondria evolve from?
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What does binary fission result in?
What does binary fission result in?
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Which domain includes eukaryotic organisms?
Which domain includes eukaryotic organisms?
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Which of the following correctly describes prokaryotes?
Which of the following correctly describes prokaryotes?
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What is the main distinguishing feature of eukaryotes?
What is the main distinguishing feature of eukaryotes?
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What does binomial nomenclature refer to?
What does binomial nomenclature refer to?
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What is the purpose of a dichotomous key?
What is the purpose of a dichotomous key?
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What is an autotroph?
What is an autotroph?
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Which stage occurs first in the alteration of generations in plants?
Which stage occurs first in the alteration of generations in plants?
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How does binary fission occur in prokaryotes?
How does binary fission occur in prokaryotes?
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What does the term 'pathogen' refer to?
What does the term 'pathogen' refer to?
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What is the primary distinction between sexual and asexual reproduction?
What is the primary distinction between sexual and asexual reproduction?
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Which structure in bacteria is primarily responsible for movement?
Which structure in bacteria is primarily responsible for movement?
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In the context of viruses, what occurs during the lytic cycle?
In the context of viruses, what occurs during the lytic cycle?
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Which statement accurately reflects a fundamental attribute of viruses?
Which statement accurately reflects a fundamental attribute of viruses?
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Which of the following components is not typically found in bacterial cells?
Which of the following components is not typically found in bacterial cells?
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What type of environment are archae bacteria best adapted to thrive in?
What type of environment are archae bacteria best adapted to thrive in?
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Which of the following is a characteristic feature of nonvascular plants?
Which of the following is a characteristic feature of nonvascular plants?
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What do plants primarily store excess glucose in?
What do plants primarily store excess glucose in?
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Which of the following shapes are bacteria classified as?
Which of the following shapes are bacteria classified as?
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What term describes organisms that must consume other organisms for sustenance?
What term describes organisms that must consume other organisms for sustenance?
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In the plant life cycle, the stage that is diploid and produces spores is called what?
In the plant life cycle, the stage that is diploid and produces spores is called what?
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Which term is used to describe the scientific classification of organisms based on physical characteristics?
Which term is used to describe the scientific classification of organisms based on physical characteristics?
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What is the primary outcome of the binary fission process in bacteria?
What is the primary outcome of the binary fission process in bacteria?
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What is the correct order of taxonomic hierarchy from domain to species?
What is the correct order of taxonomic hierarchy from domain to species?
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Which of the following is a characteristic of eukaryotic cells?
Which of the following is a characteristic of eukaryotic cells?
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Which structure is specifically associated with motility in bacteria?
Which structure is specifically associated with motility in bacteria?
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Study Notes
Biodiversity in Review
- Prokaryotes lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles; all are unicellular. Examples include all bacteria.
- Eukaryotes have a nucleus with a nuclear envelope (membrane) and membrane-bound organelles. Examples include protists, fungi, plants, and animals.
- Binomial nomenclature is a system of naming and classifying organisms using two names: Genus and species. An example is Orcinus orca.
- Dichotomous keys are used to classify organisms by presenting a series of choices, leading to the correct name. Each choice in the key presents two options.
- Autotrophs capture energy from sunlight to produce their own food using photosynthesis. Examples include plants and photosynthetic bacteria.
- Pathogens are microorganisms that cause disease in their hosts. Examples include bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites.
- Alternation of generations is a life cycle in plants (and some algae) switching between two stages. The sporophyte stage has two sets of chromosomes, makes spores (one set of chromosomes), and spores grow into the gametophyte stage. The gametophyte stage has one set of chromosomes and produces gametes (sperm and eggs). The sperm and egg combine to form a zygote and the cycle continues.
- Taxonomy is a method of classification based on structural similarities.
- Binary fission is a type of asexual reproduction where a single-celled organism splits into two identical daughter cells. DNA replication is part of this process.
- Endosymbiosis theory explains the origin of certain organelles in eukaryotic cells from free-living prokaryotic organisms. These organelles include mitochondria and chloroplasts.
Single-celled Organisms
- Viruses are not living because they cannot exist independently.
- Bacteria are classified by shape: cocci (round), bacilli (rectangular), and spirilla (spiral).
- Bacteria have a gelatin-like capsule that protects them.
- Bacteria have a cell wall that maintains shape and protects against bursting.
- Bacteria have a cell membrane that regulates substance entry and exit.
- Bacteria have a cytoplasm that contains enzymes, nutrients, other molecules necessary for metabolic activities.
- Bacteria have a chromosome (nucleoid) or DNA that holds genetic information.
- Bacteria have ribosomes that are responsible for protein synthesis.
- Bacteria have flagella that are structures for movement.
Multicellular Organisms
- Fungi are a type of organism that can be parasitic, predatory, mutualistic, or decomposers.
- Plants are autotrophic and use photosynthesis to make their own food.
- Plants have chloroplasts for photosynthesis and vacuoles for storing water and minerals.
- Plants have cell walls for structural support.
- Vascular plants have specialized tissues (xylem and phloem) for transporting water, minerals, and food.
- Nonvascular plants lack xylem and phloem and rely on osmosis and diffusion.
- Animals are heterotrophs and are either invertebrate or vertebrate.
Cell Structure
- Plant cells contain chloroplasts for photosynthesis, vacuoles, and a cell wall.
Practice Test Questions
- Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
- Examples of Eukaryotic cells include Protists
- The system of naming organisms by genus and species is binomial nomenclature.
- Autotrophs are organisms that can make their own food.
- The life cycle in plants that alternates between the diploid (sporophyte) and haploid (gametophyte) stages is alteration of generations.
- Dichotomous keys classify organisms based on physical characteristics.
- Binary fission produces two genetically identical daughter cells.
- Mitochondria evolved from aerobic bacteria.
- All animals are multicellular.
- The domain that includes eukaryotic organisms is Eukarya.
- The most specific classification level is species.
- Heterotrophs obtain their food from other organisms.
- Plants conduct photosynthesis. Plant cells contain chloroplasts for photosynthesis.
- Examples of vascular plants include ferns, conifers, and flowering plants.
- Species are the most specific level of classification.
- Archae are organisms that live in extreme environments.
- Protists are mostly unicellular.
- Fungi are heterotrophs.
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Description
Test your knowledge on biodiversity, including the differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes, classification systems such as binomial nomenclature, and the role of autotrophs and pathogens. This quiz will also cover the alternation of generations in plant life cycles. Challenge yourself to see how well you understand these essential concepts!
