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Questions and Answers
What does compositional biodiversity describe?
What does compositional biodiversity describe?
- The overall health of a specific ecosystem
- The relationships between different ecosystems in a biome
- The types of elements and the number of representatives present at each level in an area (correct)
- The migration patterns of various species within an area
Which aspect is evaluated by structural biodiversity?
Which aspect is evaluated by structural biodiversity?
- The ecological interactions among species in a community
- The distribution of individual species within an ecosystem
- The variety of ways in which habitats, species, or genes are arranged over space or time (correct)
- The total number of species present in a given region
Which of the following is NOT considered a benefit of biodiversity?
Which of the following is NOT considered a benefit of biodiversity?
- Enhanced ecosystem productivity
- Decreased habitat complexity (correct)
- Increased genetic variability
- Reduction in disease spread
What does functional biodiversity primarily relate to?
What does functional biodiversity primarily relate to?
Which benefit of biodiversity is considered ecocentric?
Which benefit of biodiversity is considered ecocentric?
Which type of species is defined by having a greater impact on their community relative to their abundance?
Which type of species is defined by having a greater impact on their community relative to their abundance?
What is the primary benefit of protecting umbrella species in conservation efforts?
What is the primary benefit of protecting umbrella species in conservation efforts?
Which surrogate strategy is primarily used to assess ecological functions within an environment?
Which surrogate strategy is primarily used to assess ecological functions within an environment?
What does functional biodiversity refer to?
What does functional biodiversity refer to?
Which type of species serves as a symbol for conservation efforts and raises public awareness?
Which type of species serves as a symbol for conservation efforts and raises public awareness?
Which of the following is an example of an anthropocentric benefit of biodiversity?
Which of the following is an example of an anthropocentric benefit of biodiversity?
What characteristic best defines functional biodiversity in the context of surrogate species?
What characteristic best defines functional biodiversity in the context of surrogate species?
Which of the following is a common misconception about keystone species?
Which of the following is a common misconception about keystone species?
Which statement accurately describes ecocentric benefits?
Which statement accurately describes ecocentric benefits?
In measuring biodiversity, what can be a drawback of using surrogate species?
In measuring biodiversity, what can be a drawback of using surrogate species?
Which aspect of biodiversity does compositional biodiversity emphasize?
Which aspect of biodiversity does compositional biodiversity emphasize?
In what way can measuring productivity be relevant to biodiversity?
In what way can measuring productivity be relevant to biodiversity?
Which concept emphasizes the interconnectedness of species within an ecosystem?
Which concept emphasizes the interconnectedness of species within an ecosystem?
What is one key reason to protect certain species or ecosystems from an anthropocentric perspective?
What is one key reason to protect certain species or ecosystems from an anthropocentric perspective?
Which of the following best describes the intrinsic value of biodiversity?
Which of the following best describes the intrinsic value of biodiversity?
What is an example of a functional benefit provided by ecosystems?
What is an example of a functional benefit provided by ecosystems?
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Study Notes
Functional Biodiversity
- Variety of biological processes, functions, and characteristics within a specific ecosystem.
Benefits of Biodiversity
- Anthropocentric Benefits:
- Provides scientific information, useful materials, and recreational, medical, or consumptive benefits for humans.
- Anthropocentric Nature:
- Choosing to protect species or ecosystems due to potential future benefits.
Ecocentric Benefits of Biodiversity
- Ecosystem Services:
- Purifying water and air.
- Pollinating crops.
- Stabilizing soil.
- Maintaining heat balance in the atmosphere.
- Cycling critical nutrients.
- Economic Context:
- Mangrove forests mitigate damage from typhoons, acting as a protective barrier against strong winds and waves.
- Intrinsic Value:
- The mere existence of healthy and vibrant ecosystems (like coral reefs or tropical forests) holds inherent value, even if they are not directly experienced by humans.
Importance of Biodiversity
- Not explicitly stated in the text, but biodiversity underpins ecosystem stability, resilience, and overall health.
Measuring and Monitoring Biodiversity
- Ideal measurement involves direct assessment of processes (productivity rates, pollination rates, species interactions). However, this is very time consuming.
- Surrogate Species Method:
- Uses a select group of species to represent broader sets of species and habitats.
- This simplifies and speeds up the monitoring process.
- Surrogates Species Approaches:
- Keystone Species: Essential community roles, influence far beyond their abundance.
- Umbrella Species: Require large habitats, protecting them indirectly protects other species.
- Indicator Species: Their presence or absence signals the health of a whole habitat.
- Flagship Species: Charismatic species used to raise public awareness and support for biodiversity conservation efforts.
Keystone Species
- Critical to maintaining ecosystem stability, removing them can cause significant changes.
Umbrella Species
- Extensive home range offers indirect protection to other species in their habitat.
Species Diversity:
- Reflects the variety and relative abundance of different species within a specific area, including their interactions and distribution.
Ecological Diversity:
- Ecosystem Diversity:
- Abundance and distribution of habitats, biotic communities, and ecological processes within a specific area.
Aspects of Species Diversity:
- Species Richness (S):
- Total number of species present.
- Species Evenness (E):
- Relative abundance or proportion of each species.
Biodiversity Attributes and Ecosystem Processes:
- Compositional Biodiversity:
- Describes the types of components and their abundance within a defined area.
- Structural Biodiversity:
- Represents the arrangement of components over space and time.
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