Biodiversity and Conservation: Topic 3
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is a result of natural selection?

  • Fitter individuals reproduce more successfully (correct)
  • All individuals in a population are equally fit
  • Natural selection eliminates all environmental factors
  • Genetic variation remains constant within a population

    • Speciation occurs when populations of a species become isolated and evolve similarly.

    False

    List two factors that can cause mass extinctions.

    Tectonic plate movements, super-volcanic eruptions

    Genetic diversity within a population contributes to ________.

    <p>variation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their definitions:

    <p>Natural Selection = The process where fitter individuals reproduce more successfully Speciation = The formation of new species due to isolation Mass Extinction = A significant widespread decrease in biodiversity Isolation = The separation of populations leading to different evolutionary paths</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one possible outcome of environmental change on species?

    <p>Only species that are suited will survive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Plate tectonics can create barriers that influence evolutionary processes.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is meant by the term 'biodiversity'?

    <p>The variety of different species in a particular ecosystem or on Earth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mass extinctions in the past have been caused by _______, such as climatic changes.

    <p>various factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mechanism contributes to evolution over time?

    <p>Natural selection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two main variables that determine species diversity in communities?

    <p>Species richness and evenness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Genetic diversity refers to the variety of habitats in an ecosystem.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is habitat diversity?

    <p>The range of different habitats within an ecosystem or biome.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The total diversity of living systems is referred to as __________.

    <p>biodiversity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the biodiversity terms with their definitions:

    <p>Species Diversity = Variety of species in a community including richness and evenness Habitat Diversity = Range of different habitats in an ecosystem Genetic Diversity = Variation of genetic material in a population Diversity Indices = Statistics used to quantify biodiversity in a community</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true regarding biodiversity assessment?

    <p>Low diversity could indicate pollution or recent colonization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quantification of biodiversity is solely for academic purposes and has no practical implications.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define biodiversity.

    <p>The total diversity of living systems, including species, habitat, and genetic diversity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Biodiversity arises from __________ processes.

    <p>evolutionary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to provide numerical values of species diversity?

    <p>To understand patterns of biodiversity and inform conservation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a human activity that causes species extinctions?

    <p>Climate change</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The International Union of Conservation of Nature publishes data only on critically endangered species.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one of the criteria used to determine the conservation status of a species.

    <p>Population size</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The loss of biodiversity in tropical biomes is primarily due to __________ exploitation.

    <p>unsustainable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the conservation methods with their descriptions:

    <p>CITES = International agreement to ensure that international trade does not threaten species Captive breeding = Breeding species in controlled environments to reintroduce them into the wild Flagship species = Species selected to promote broader conservation efforts Keystone species = Species that play a critical role in maintaining the structure of an ecological community</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor is NOT considered when designing protected areas?

    <p>Species appearance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Community support, adequate funding, and research are factors that can influence the success of conservation efforts.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary challenge faced by less economically developed countries regarding tropical biomes?

    <p>Conflict between exploitation and conservation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The __________ loss of biodiversity is currently much greater than in the past due to human influence.

    <p>rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a reason why many habitats are under-recorded?

    <p>Limited financial resources for research</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Topic 3: Biodiversity and Conservation

    • Biodiversity encompasses species diversity, habitat diversity, and genetic diversity.
    • Species diversity is determined by species richness and evenness.
    • Diversity indices can be used to compare communities.
    • Low diversity may indicate pollution or other environmental issues.
    • Habitat diversity refers to the range of different habitats.
    • Genetic diversity is the range of genetic material within a species' population.
    • Quantifying biodiversity is significant for conservation efforts.
    • Understanding the impact of human activity on biodiversity is critical.
    • Biodiversity arises from evolutionary processes.
    • Biological variation can be beneficial, harmful, or neutral.
    • Natural selection maintains and enhances biodiversity.
    • Environmental change drives species adaptations and speciation.
    • Speciation occurs when populations become isolated and evolve differently.
    • Environmental factors like mountain formation, river changes, or climate shifts can cause isolation.
    • Mass extinctions are caused by various factors (tectonic shifts, supervolcanoes, climate change, and meteor impacts) influencing biodiversity.
    • Estimates of Earth's species are imperfect due to limited research funding.
    • Human activities like habitat destruction, introduced species, pollution, overharvesting and hunting threaten biodiversity.
    • The IUCN "Red List of Threatened Species" uses various criteria to assess conservation status (population size, specialization, distribution, reproduction, habitat, etc.)
    • Tropical biomes are highly biodiverse but face unsustainable exploitation.
    • Conflicts often arise between exploitation, sustainable development, and conservation in LEDCs.
    • Species loss rates are currently higher than in the past due to increased human impact.
    • Biodiversity loss can be assessed based on different criteria (aesthetic, economic, ethical, ecological, and social).
    • International cooperation and organizations (NGOs) are crucial for biodiversity conservation.
    • Strategies like habitat conservation, species-based approaches, and combining approaches are used for conservation.
    • Criteria (size, shape, edge effects, corridors, proximity to humans) are used for designing protected areas.
    • Species-based conservation strategies like CITES, captive breeding, and reintroducing species (flagship and keystone) are employed.
    • Community support, funding, and research affect conservation success.
    • Protected areas' location and surrounding land use influence conservation outcomes.
    • Criteria for designing and managing protected areas exist.

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    Description

    This quiz explores the critical aspects of biodiversity and conservation, including species, habitat, and genetic diversity. It highlights the importance of biodiversity for ecosystem health and the impact of human activities. Test your understanding of these concepts and their relevance to conservation efforts.

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